< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s(j)am-s
Proto-Sino-Tibetan
Etymology
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *sjəm (Coblin, 1986)
- Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *s(y)am-s (Matisoff, STEDT); *səm (French, 1983); *sam (Coblin, 1986; Michailovsky, 1991)
Noun
*s(j)am-s
- soul, mind, spirit
- heart
- breath, voice
Descendants
- Old Chinese: 心 /*səm/ (B-S), /*slɯm/ (ZS) ("heart, mind")
- Middle Chinese: 心 /siɪm/
→ Japanese: 心 (しん, shin)
Korean: 심 (心, sim)
Vietnamese: tâm
- Modern Mandarin
- Beijing: 心 (xīn, /ɕin⁵⁵/)
- Cantonese
- Guangzhou: 心 /sɐm⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Shanghai: 心 /ɕɪ̆ɲ⁵³/
- Min
- Min Nan
- Taiwan: 心 /ɕim⁵⁵/
- Min Nan
- Himalayish
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Bodic
- Tibetan
- Written Tibetan: སེམས (sems, “mind, heart, cognition”), སེམས་པ (sems pa, “to think, reflect, apprehend, contemplate”), བསམས (bsams, “thought”)
- Tibetan
- Tamangic
- *ᴬson, *ᴬsan, *ᴬsam (“mind, heart”) (Mazaudon, 1994)
- Bodic
- Kiranti
- /*sam/ ("breath, lung") (Michailovsky, 1991)
- Tibeto-Kanauri
- Jingpho-Asakian
- Jingpho
- Jingpho [Kachin]: nsen (“sound, voice”)
- Jingpho
- Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
- Lolo-Burmese
- Burmish
- Burmese: သံ (sam), အသံ (a.sam, “sound, voice, noise”)
- Burmish
- Lolo-Burmese
See also
- *s/k-niŋ (“brain, heart, mind”)
- *s-njam (“think, brain”)
- *s(j)am ~ s(j)aŋ (“throat”)