Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/l/b-ŋa

< Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan < l

Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/l/b-ŋa

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Etymology

• Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lngaɣ (Coblin, 1986)
  • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *l-ŋa ⪤ b-ŋa (Matisoff, STEDT; Benedict, 1972; Chou, 1972; LaPolla, 1987; Weidert, 1987); *-ŋa (Matisoff, 1983)

Numeral

*l/b-ŋa

Proto-Sino-Tibetan numerals
ONE	*ʔit *kat *tjak ~ g-t(j)ik
TWO	*g/s-ni-s
THREE	*g-sum
FOUR	*b-ləj
FIVE	*l/b-ŋa
SIX	*d-(k-)ruk
SEVEN	*s-ni-s
EIGHT	*b-r-gjat ~ b-g-rjat
NINE	*d/s-kəw
TEN	*gip *ts(j)i(j) ~ tsjaj
TWENTY	*(m-)kul
HUNDRED	*b-r-gja
THOUSAND	*s-toŋ

1. five

Descendants

• Old Chinese: 五 (*C.ŋˁaʔ)

  →   Proto-Tai:  *haːᶜ (“five”) (whence Thai ห้า (hâa), Lao ຫ້າ (hā)), Zhuang haj)

  • Middle Chinese: 五 (ŋuoX)

• • →   Japanese:  五 (ご, ​go)
          Korean:  오 (五, o)
          Vietnamese:  ngũ

    • Mandarin
      • Beijing: 五 (wǔ, /u²¹³/)
      • Chengdu: 五 /vu⁵³/
    • Cantonese
      • Guangzhou: 五 /ŋ̍¹³/
    • Hakka
      • Sixian: 五 /ŋ̍³¹/
      • Meixian: 五 /n̩³¹/
    • Wu
      • Shanghai: 五 /ɦŋ̍²³/
      • Suzhou: 五 /ŋ̍³¹/
  • Min
    • Min Bei

      Jian'ou: 五 /ŋu⁴²/

    • Min Dong

      Fuzhou: 五 /ŋou²⁴²/ (colloquial), /ŋu³³/ (literary)

    • Min Nan

      Hokkien:

      Quanzhou: 五 /ɡɔ²²/ (colloquial), /ɡɔ⁵⁵⁴/ (literary)

      Xiamen, Zhangzhou: 五 /ɡɔ²²/ (colloquial), /ŋɔ̃⁵³/ (literary)

      Teochew: 五 /ŋou³⁵/ (colloquial), /ŋou⁵²/, /u⁵²/ (literary)

• Himalayish
  • Tibeto-Kanauri
    • Bodic
      • Tibetan
        • Sikkimese: ང (nga, “five”)
        • Written Tibetan: ལྔ (lnga, “five”)
• Tangut-Qiang
  • Northern Tangut
    • Tangut: 𗏁 (ŋwə, “five”) /*ŋʷə⁵⁵/
  • rGyalrongic
    • Situ: (kə)mŋi (“five”)
    • Tshobdun: mŋo (“five”)
• Jingpho-Asakian
  • Jingpho
    • Jingpho [Kachin]: manga (“five”)
• Lolo-Burmese-Naxi
  • Lolo-Burmese
    • Burmish
      • Burmese: ငါး (nga:, “five”)
    • Loloish
      • Northern Loloish
        • Yi (Liangshan): ꉬ (nge, “five”)
• Karen: *ŋjatᴰ (Luangthongkum, 2013)
  • Sgaw: ယဲၢ် (yä̂, “five”)

See also

• *ŋa (“I”)
• *s-ŋja (“fish”)