Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳarn-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

A possible loan relation with Indo-European *ḱr̥h₂-nó-s (“horn”) (from *ḱerh₂- (“horn, head”)) has been suggested, but the direction of loaning is disputed. Alternatively suggested to be cognate with a Proto-Omotic *ḳar- (“horn”), from Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳar- (“horn”) (tentative reconstructions).[1] Despite Orel and Stolbova’s connection with a supposed Egyptian qrtj (“horns”, dual), however, the Egyptian word is properly krtj and cannot correspond to the Semitic.

Noun

*ḳarn- f

horn

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *ḳarn-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḳarnum

*ḳarnāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ḳarnim

*ḳarnayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ḳarnam

possessive forms

1st person

*ḳarnī / *ḳarnVya

—

*ḳarnVni

2nd person m

*ḳarnVka

*ḳarnVkumā / *ḳarnVkumay

*ḳarnVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḳarnVki

*ḳarnVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḳarnVšu

*ḳarnVšumā / *ḳarnVšumay

*ḳarnVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḳarnVša

*ḳarnVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḳarnuya for nom. case, *ḳarniya for gen. case, *ḳarnaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḳarn-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḳarnuka	*ḳarnāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ḳarnika	*ḳarnayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ḳarnaka	*ḳarnayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḳarn-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḳarnuki	*ḳarnāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ḳarniki	*ḳarnayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ḳarnaki	*ḳarnayki	plural stem + *-īki

Femenine: