Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḳarib-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Verb

*ḳarib- (prefix conjugation *yiḳrab-)

to be near, to be close; to come near, to approach

Related terms

*ḳarrib- (“to bring, to offer”)

Descendants

Akkadian: 𒆪𒉡 (/qarābu, qerēbu/, “to be near; to come near”)
Arabic: قَرِبَ‎ (qariba) and قَرُبَ‎ (qaruba, “to be near, to come near”)
- Hijazi Arabic: قرب‎ (garrab)
Ethiopian:
- Amharic: ቀረበ (ḳärräbä)
- Argobba: ቀረባ (ḳärräba)
- Ge'ez: ቀረበ, ቀርበ (ḳäräbä, ḳärbä, “to be near, to come near”)
- Gurage: ቀረበ (ḳäräbä)
- Harari: ቀረባ (ḳäräba)
- Tigre: ቀርባ (ḳärba)
- Tigrinya: ቀረበ (ḳäräbä)
Old South Arabian: 𐩤𐩧𐩨‎ (“to be near; to come near”)
Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: ḳɔ́rɔ́b, ḳérǝb
- Shehri: ḳérəb
Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic:
  - Imperial Aramaic: 𐡒𐡓𐡁‎ (qrb)
  - Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡳𐡴𐡡 (qrb)
  - Hatran Aramaic: 𐣲𐣡𐣣
  - Jewish Aramaic: קְרֵב‎ (qrēḇ, “to come near”)
  - Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢚𐢛𐢂‎
  - Classical Syriac: ܩܪܶܒ‎ (qrēḇ, “to come near”)
  - Classical Mandaic: ࡒࡓࡁ‎
- Hebrew: קָרַב‎ (qāráḇ, “to approach”)
- Phoenician: 𐤒𐤓𐤁‎ (qrb)
- Ugaritic: 𐎖𐎗𐎁 (qrb, “to approach; to be close to”)

Derived terms

*ḳarv̄b-u-m (C₁aC₂v̄C₃ pattern verbal adjective)
- Arabic: قَرِيبٌ‎ (qarībun) (see there for further descendants)
- Hebrew: קָרוֹב‎ (qarōḇ)

References

Bravmann, Mëir Max (1977), “Semitic Instances of “Linguistic Taboo”. A. Akkadian qarābu “to be offered as a sacrifice” and Related Expressions”, in Studies in Semitic Philology (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 6), Leiden: E. J. Brill, →ISBN, pages 465–477
Hoftijzer, J; Jongeling, K. (1995) Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions (Handbuch der Orientalistik. Erste Abteilung, Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten; 21), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill, pages 1028–1030
Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 440
Speiser, Ephraim Avigdor (1936), “Studies in Semitic Formatives”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society, volume 56, issue 1, DOI:10.2307/593880, page 35