Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ḏiʔb-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ḏiʔb- m (plural *ḏiʔāb-)

wolf

Inflection

Declension of *ḏiʔb-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ḏiʔbum

*ḏiʔbāna

*ḏiʔābūna

Genitive

*ḏiʔbim

*ḏiʔbayna

*ḏiʔābīna

Accusative

*ḏiʔbam

possessive forms

1st person

*ḏiʔbī / *ḏiʔbVya

—

*ḏiʔbVni

2nd person m

*ḏiʔbVka

*ḏiʔbVkumā / *ḏiʔbVkumay

*ḏiʔbVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ḏiʔbVki

*ḏiʔbVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ḏiʔbVšu

*ḏiʔbVšumā / *ḏiʔbVšumay

*ḏiʔbVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ḏiʔbVša

*ḏiʔbVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ḏiʔbuya for nom. case, *ḏiʔbiya for gen. case, *ḏiʔbaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ḏiʔb-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḏiʔbuka	*ḏiʔbāka	*ḏiʔābūka
Genitive	*ḏiʔbika	*ḏiʔbayka	*ḏiʔābīka
Accusative	*ḏiʔbaka	*ḏiʔbayka	*ḏiʔābīka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ḏiʔb-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ḏiʔbuki	*ḏiʔbāki	*ḏiʔābūki
Genitive	*ḏiʔbiki	*ḏiʔbayki	*ḏiʔābīki
Accusative	*ḏiʔbaki	*ḏiʔbayki	*ḏiʔābīki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉡𒌝𒈠 (zībum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ذِئْب‎ (ḏiʾb)
    - Egyptian Arabic: ديب‎ (dīb)
    - Gulf Arabic: ذِيب‎ (ḏīb)
    - Maltese: dib
    - Moroccan Arabic: ديب‎ (dīb)
    - → Malay: zib / ذيب‎
    - → Old Spanish: adive
      - Spanish: adive
        → French: adive
        → English: adive
    - → English: dieb
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Imperial Aramaic: 𐡃𐡉𐡁𐡀‎ (dybʾ)
      - Classical Syriac: ܕ݁ܶܐܒܳܐ‎ (deʾḇā)
      - Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: דֵּיבָא‎ (dēḇā)
      - Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܕܝܒ‎
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡃࡉࡁࡀ‎ (diba)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: זְאֵב‎ (z'év, zǝʾēḇ)
  - Safaitic: 𐪙𐪑𐪈‎ (ḏʾb /ḏeʾb/)
Ethiopian Semitic:
- Amharic: ጅብ (ǧəb, “hyena”)
- Ge'ez: ዝእብ (zəʾb, “hyena”) (got confused with ፅዕብ (ṣ́əʿb, “hyena”) from *ṣ́abuʿ- (“hyena”))
- Tigrinya: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi, “hyena”)
  - → Tigre: ዝብኢ (zəbʾi)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht (1888) Kleinere Schriften‎ (in German), volume III, Leipzig: S. Hirzel, pages 212–213
Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 105–107 Nr. 72