< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʕiṣ́-
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Perhaps related to Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⵙⴽⵍⵓ (asklu).
Noun
*ʕiṣ́- m
- tree
- branch, piece of wood
Inflection
Declension of *ʕiṣ́-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ʕiṣ́um | *ʕiṣ́āna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʕiṣ́im | *ʕiṣ́ayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʕiṣ́am | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʕiṣ́ī / *ʕiṣ́Vya | — | *ʕiṣ́Vni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʕiṣ́Vka | *ʕiṣ́Vkumā / *ʕiṣ́Vkumay | *ʕiṣ́Vkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʕiṣ́Vki | *ʕiṣ́Vkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʕiṣ́Všu | *ʕiṣ́Všumā / *ʕiṣ́Všumay | *ʕiṣ́Všum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʕiṣ́Vša | *ʕiṣ́Všin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʕiṣ́uya for nom. case, *ʕiṣ́iya for gen. case, *ʕiṣ́aya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʕiṣ́-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʕiṣ́-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒄑 (iṣum)
- West Semitic:
- Arabic: عَصًا (ʿaṣan)
- Maltese: għasa
- Moroccan Arabic: عصا (ʕṣā)
- ⇒ Gulf Arabic: عصاية (ʿaṣāya)
- ⇒ Hijazi Arabic: عصاية (ʿaṣāya)
- → Armenian: ասա (asa)
- Arabic: عُضّ (ʿuḍḍ), عِضّ (ʿiḍḍ)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: אָעָא (ʾāʿā), עָעָא (ʿāʿā), עָקָא (ʿāqā)
- Hebrew: עֵץ ('ets, ʿēṣ)
- Phoenician: 𐤏𐤑 (ʿṣ)
- Punic: 𐤏𐤑 (ʿṣ)
- Ugaritic: 𐎓𐎕 (ʿṣ /ʿiṣ/)
- Old South Arabian:
- Minaean: 𐩲𐩳 (ʿḍ)
- Qatabanian: 𐩲𐩳 (ʿḍ)
- Sabaean: 𐩲𐩳 (ʿḍ)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Ge'ez: ዕፅ (ʿəṣ́)
- Amharic: ዕንጨት (ənč̣ät)
- Tigrinya: ዕጨት (ˁəč̣č̣ät)
- Arabic: عَصًا (ʿaṣan)
References
- Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN