Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔurḫ-

< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic

Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔurḫ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ʔurḫ- m or f

1. road

Inflection

Masculine:

Declension of *ʔurḫ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔurḫum	*ʔurḫāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*ʔurḫim	*ʔurḫayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*ʔurḫam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔurḫī / *ʔurḫVya	—	*ʔurḫVni
2nd person m	*ʔurḫVka	*ʔurḫVkumā / *ʔurḫVkumay	*ʔurḫVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔurḫVki		*ʔurḫVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔurḫVšu	*ʔurḫVšumā / *ʔurḫVšumay	*ʔurḫVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔurḫVša		*ʔurḫVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔurḫuya for nom. case, *ʔurḫiya for gen. case, *ʔurḫaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔurḫ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔurḫuka *ʔurḫāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *ʔurḫika *ʔurḫayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *ʔurḫaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔurḫ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔurḫuki *ʔurḫāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *ʔurḫiki *ʔurḫayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *ʔurḫaki

Femenine:

Declension of *ʔurḫ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔurḫum	*ʔurḫāna	*ʔurḫātum
Genitive	*ʔurḫim	*ʔurḫayna	*ʔurḫātim
Accusative	*ʔurḫam
possessive forms
1st person	*ʔurḫī / *ʔurḫVya	—	*ʔurḫVni
2nd person m	*ʔurḫVka	*ʔurḫVkumā / *ʔurḫVkumay	*ʔurḫVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*ʔurḫVki		*ʔurḫVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*ʔurḫVšu	*ʔurḫVšumā / *ʔurḫVšumay	*ʔurḫVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*ʔurḫVša		*ʔurḫVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔurḫuya for nom. case, *ʔurḫiya for gen. case, *ʔurḫaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔurḫ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔurḫuka *ʔurḫāka *ʔurḫātuka Genitive *ʔurḫika *ʔurḫayka *ʔurḫātika Accusative *ʔurḫaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔurḫ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *ʔurḫuki *ʔurḫāki *ʔurḫātuki Genitive *ʔurḫiki *ʔurḫayki *ʔurḫātiki Accusative *ʔurḫaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒌫𒄷𒌝 (urḫum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: אורח‎ (ʾŏraḥ), אורחא‎ (ʾurḥā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܚ‎ (ʾŏraḥ), ܐܘܪܚܐ‎ (ʾurḥā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: אֹרַח‎ (órakh, ʾốraḥ)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
• Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN