< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔimm-
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔam, ultimately an onomatopoeic nursery word. Cognate with Egyptian mwt and Proto-Berber *ʔamm (whence Central Atlas Tamazight ⵎⵎⴰ (mma)).
Noun
*ʔimm- f (plural *ʔimmahāt-)
- mother
Inflection
Declension of *ʔimm-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *ʔimmum | *ʔimmāna | *ʔimmahātum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʔimmim | *ʔimmayna | *ʔimmahātim | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʔimmam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʔimmī / *ʔimmVya | — | *ʔimmVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʔimmVka | *ʔimmVkumā / *ʔimmVkumay | *ʔimmVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʔimmVki | *ʔimmVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʔimmVšu | *ʔimmVšumā / *ʔimmVšumay | *ʔimmVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʔimmVša | *ʔimmVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔimmuya for nom. case, *ʔimmiya for gen. case, *ʔimmaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔimm-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔimm-
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Coordinate terms
- *ʔabw-
- *ʔaḫw-
- *ʔaḫwat-
- *bin-
- *bint-
Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒂼 (ummum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: أُمّ (ʾumm)
- Maltese: omm
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic:
- Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀𐡌𐡀 (ʾmʾ)
- Palmyrene Aramaic: 𐡠𐡬𐡠 (ʾmʾ)
- Hatran Aramaic: 𐣠𐣬𐣠
- Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢁𐢓𐢀
- Christian Palestinian Aramaic: ܐܺܡܴ݁ܐ, ܐܺܝܡܴ݁ܐ (ʾimmā)
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic, Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אִמָּה (ʾimmā) אִמָּא (ʾimmā)
- → Ancient Greek: ἀμμά (ammá)
- → Coptic: ⲁⲙⲁ (ama)
- → Hebrew: אִמָּא (ímma)
- → Ancient Greek: ἀμμά (ammá)
- Classical Syriac: ܐܺܡܴ݀݁ܐ (ʾimmā)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: אֵם (em, ʾēm)
- Phoenician: 𐤀𐤌 (ʾm)
- Punic: 𐤀𐤌 (ʾm /ʾam/)
- Ugaritic: 𐎜𐎎 (ủm /ʾummu/)
- Aramaic:
- Old South Arabian:
- Minaean: 𐩱𐩣 (ʾm)
- Qatabanian: 𐩱𐩣 (ʾm)
- Sabaean: 𐩱𐩣 (ʾm)
- Arabic: أُمّ (ʾumm)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- ⇒ Amharic: እማዬ (ʾəmaye), እማ (ʾəma)
- Argobba: እም
- Ge'ez: እም (ʾəmm)
- Tigre: እም (ʾəm)
- Central Semitic:
References
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN