< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔarway-
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *rVw- (“predator; usually large feliforms”). Cognate with Egyptian
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(rw, “lion”), Nefusa wär (“lion”), Zenaga war (“lion”), Somali aar (“lion”), Proto-Central Chadic *ruw- (“hyena, wild cat”), Mubi ʔórúwà (“lion”) and Tumak ǝ̄rǝ̄w (“leopard”).
Noun
*ʔarway- m
- beast, wild animal
- lion
Inflection
Declension of *ʔarway-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | *ʔarwayum | *ʔarwayāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *ʔarwayim | *ʔarwayayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *ʔarwayam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *ʔarwayī / *ʔarwayVya | — | *ʔarwayVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *ʔarwayVka | *ʔarwayVkumā / *ʔarwayVkumay | *ʔarwayVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *ʔarwayVki | *ʔarwayVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *ʔarwayVšu | *ʔarwayVšumā / *ʔarwayVšumay | *ʔarwayVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *ʔarwayVša | *ʔarwayVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔarwayuya for nom. case, *ʔarwayiya for gen. case, *ʔarwayaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔarway-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔarway-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀉𒄷 (arûm, “eagle, bird of prey”)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: אַרְיָא, אַרְיוּתָּא
- Classical Syriac: ܐܰܪܝܝܳܐ (ʾaryəyāʾ), ܐܰܪܝܳܐ (ʾaryā), ܐܰܪܝܽܘܬܳܐ (ʾaryūṯā)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܪܝܐ (ʾaryā), ܐܪܝܝܬܐ (ʾaryita)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: אַרְיֵה (aryé, ʾaryê), אֲרִי (arí, ʾărî)
- Phoenician: 𐤀𐤓𐤅 (ʾrw /ʾarwe/)
- Ugaritic: 𐎀𐎗𐎆 (ảrw /ʾarwu/)
- Aramaic: אַרְיָא, אַרְיוּתָּא
- Northwest Semitic:
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Amharic: አውሬ (ʾäwre, “beast, wild animal”)
- Ge'ez: አርዌ (ʾärwe)
- Tigrinya: አውሬ (ʾäwre)
- Central Semitic:
- →? Old Armenian: առիւծ (aṙiwc)
Further reading
- Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 24–26
- Olmo Lete, Gregorio del; Sanmartín, Joaquín; Watson, Wilfred G. E. (2015), “ảrw”, in A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 112), 3rd edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 107