Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šanat-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šanat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šanat- f

1. year
2. season

Inflection

Declension of *šanat-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*šanatum	*šanatāna	*šanātum
Genitive	*šanatim	*šanatayna	*šanātim
Accusative	*šanatam
possessive forms
1st person	*šanatī / *šanatVya	—	*šanatVni
2nd person m	*šanatVka	*šanatVkumā / *šanatVkumay	*šanatVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*šanatVki		*šanatVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*šanatVšu	*šanatVšumā / *šanatVšumay	*šanatVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*šanatVša		*šanatVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šanatuya for nom. case, *šanatiya for gen. case, *šanataya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *šanat- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šanatuka *šanatāka *šanātuka Genitive *šanatika *šanatayka *šanātika Accusative *šanataka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *šanat- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *šanatuki *šanatāki *šanātuki Genitive *šanatiki *šanatayki *šanātiki Accusative *šanataki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒈬 (šattum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • Arabic: سَنَة‎ (sana)
      • Egyptian Arabic: سنة‎ (sána)
      • Gulf Arabic: سِنَة‎ (sɪnə)
      • North Levantine Arabic: سنه‎ (sini)
      • Maltese: sena
      • → Afar: sanát
      • → Bengali: সন (śôn)
      • → Harsusi: senet
      • → Mehri: سنيت‎ (senēt)
      • → Soqotri: sanah
      • → Tigre: ሰነት (sänät)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: سنه‎
        • Turkish: sene
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: שַׁנְתָּא‎ (šantā), שַׁתָּא‎ (šattā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܫܰܢܬܴ݁ܐ‎ (šantā)
        • Neo-Aramaic:
          • Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ‎ (šetta)
          • Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܐܬܵܐ‎ (šeta), pl: ܫܢܐ‎ (šǝnne)
          • Lishana Deni: שאתא‎ (šāta), pl: שניה‎ (šǝnne)
          • Lishanid Noshan: [script needed] (šāt), [script needed] (šana)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: שָׁנָה‎ (shaná, šānâ)
        • Moabite: 𐤔𐤕‎ (št)
        • Phoenician: 𐤔𐤕‎ (št /šat/)
          • Punic: 𐤔𐤕‎ (št /šat/)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎐𐎚 (šnt /šanatu/)

References

• Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN