< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/yawm-
Proto-Semitic
Etymology
From Proto-Afroasiatic *yam- (“day”). Cognate with Egyptian ỉmy (“sun (as an eye)”).
Noun
*yawm- m
- day
- Antonym: *layl-
Inflection
Declension of *yawm-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | *yawmum | *yawmāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *yawmim | *yawmayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *yawmam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *yawmī / *yawmVya | — | *yawmVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *yawmVka | *yawmVkumā / *yawmVkumay | *yawmVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *yawmVki | *yawmVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *yawmVšu | *yawmVšumā / *yawmVšumay | *yawmVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *yawmVša | *yawmVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *yawmuya for nom. case, *yawmiya for gen. case, *yawmaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *yawm-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *yawm-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒌓 (ūmum)
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: يَوْم (yawm)
- Egyptian Arabic: يوم (yōm)
- Gulf Arabic: يوم (yōm)
- Hijazi Arabic: يوم (yōm)
- Maltese: jum
- Moroccan Arabic: يوم (yūm)
- → Ottoman Turkish: یوم (yevm)
- Turkish: yevm
- → Persian: یوم (youm)
- → Urdu: یوم (yaum)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: יַוְמָא (yawmā) יוֹמָא (yōmā)
- Classical Syriac: ܝܰܘܡܳܐ (yawmā)
- Lishana Deni: יומא (yōma)
- Classical Mandaic: ࡉࡅࡌ (ium)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: יוֹם (yom, yôm)
- Phoenician: 𐤉𐤌 (ym)
- Punic: 𐤉𐤌 (ym)
- Ugaritic: 𐎊𐎎 (ym /yōmu/)
- Aramaic: יַוְמָא (yawmā) יוֹמָא (yōmā)
- Arabic: يَوْم (yawm)
- Old South Arabian: 𐩺𐩥𐩣 (ywm)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Ge'ez: ዮም (yom, “today”)
- → Amharic: ዮም (yom)
- Tigre: ዮም (yom, “today”)
- Tigrinya: ሎም (lom), ሎሚ (lomi, “today”)
- Ge'ez: ዮም (yom, “today”)
- Modern South Arabian:
- Mehri: yum (“day”)
- Shehri: yum f (“sun; sunlight; light”), yum, yuhm, ɛ́m (“day”)
- Soqotri: yōm
- Central Semitic:
References
- Nöldeke, Theodor (1910) Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft (in German), Straßburg: Karl J. Trübner, pages 133–5