< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic
Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/raʔš-
Proto-Semitic
Noun
*raʔš- m
- head
Inflection
Declension of *raʔš-
Case | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Nominative | *raʔšum | *raʔšāna | plural stem + *-ūna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | *raʔšim | *raʔšayna | plural stem + *-īna | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Accusative | *raʔšam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
possessive forms | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1st person | *raʔšī / *raʔšVya | — | *raʔšVni | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person m | *raʔšVka | *raʔšVkumā / *raʔšVkumay | *raʔšVkum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2nd person f | *raʔšVki | *raʔšVkin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person m | *raʔšVšu | *raʔšVšumā / *raʔšVšumay | *raʔšVšum(ū) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3rd person f | *raʔšVša | *raʔšVšin(ā) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *raʔšuya for nom. case, *raʔšiya for gen. case, *raʔšaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *raʔš-
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *raʔš-
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Descendants
- East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒊕 (rēšum)
- Eblaite: 𒌷𒉈 (rí-še6 /riʔši/ [URU.NE])
- West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
- Arabic: رَأْس (raʾs)
- Egyptian Arabic: راس (rās)
- Gulf Arabic: راس (rās)
- Maltese: ras
- Moroccan Arabic: راس (rās)
- → Swahili: rasi
- → Ottoman Turkish: رأس (re's)
- Northwest Semitic:
- Aramaic: רֵישָׁא (rēšā)
- Classical Syriac: ܪܶܝܫܳܐ (rēšā)
- Canaanite:
- Hebrew: רֹאשׁ (rosh, rōʾš), רָאשִׁים pl (rashím, rāʾšîm), רֵאשִׁית (reshít, rēʾšîṯ, “beginning”), רִאשׁוֹן (rishón, riʾšôn, “first”)
- Moabite: 𐤓𐤔 (rš)
- Phoenician: 𐤓𐤀𐤔 (rʾš)
- Ugaritic: 𐎗𐎛𐎌 (rỉš /raʾšu/)
- Aramaic: רֵישָׁא (rēšā)
- Old South Arabian:
- (Epigraphic) Old South Arabian: 𐩧𐩱𐩪 (rʾs¹)
- Sabaean: 𐩧𐩱𐩪 (rʾs¹)
- Arabic: رَأْس (raʾs)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
- Amharic: ራስ (ras)
- Ge'ez: ርእስ (rəʾs)
- Tigre: ረኣስ (räʾas)
- Tigrinya: ርእሲ (rəʾsi)
- Central Semitic:
References
- Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
- Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN