Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baṯan-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*baṯan- m

venomous serpent, adder

Inflection

Declension of *baṯan-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*baṯanum

*baṯanāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*baṯanim

*baṯanayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*baṯanam

possessive forms

1st person

*baṯanī / *baṯanVya

—

*baṯanVni

2nd person m

*baṯanVka

*baṯanVkumā / *baṯanVkumay

*baṯanVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*baṯanVki

*baṯanVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*baṯanVšu

*baṯanVšumā / *baṯanVšumay

*baṯanVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*baṯanVša

*baṯanVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baṯanuya for nom. case, *baṯaniya for gen. case, *baṯanaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *baṯan-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baṯanuka	*baṯanāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*baṯanika	*baṯanayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*baṯanaka	*baṯanayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *baṯan-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baṯanuki	*baṯanāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*baṯaniki	*baṯanayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*baṯanaki	*baṯanayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈲𒊮𒉣𒇬 (bašmum), 𒈲𒊮𒌉 (bašmum), 𒁀𒀸𒈬 (bašmum)
  - → Sumerian: 𒁔 (ušum)[1]
- Eblaite: 𒈤𒈲 (MAḪ-MUŠ /baṯmum/), 𒁀𒊭𒈬𒌝 (ba-ša-mu-um /baṯmum/), 𒁀𒊭𒉡𒌝 (ba-ša-nu-um /baṯnum/)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: بَثَن‎ (baṯan)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:[2][3]
      - Classical Syriac: ܦܱܬܢܳܐ‎ (paṯnā)
        → Ancient Greek: βαθανηραθάν (bathanērathán)[4]
      - Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: פתנה‎ (*paṯnā)
      - Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פִתנָא‎ (piṯnā)
      - Samaritan Aramaic: ࠐࠕࠍ‎ (pṯn)
      - → Hebrew: פֶּתֶן‎ (péten, péṯen)[5]
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: בָּשָׁן‎ (bashán, bāšān)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎘𐎐 (bṯn /baṯanu/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Gurage:
    - Inor: ቡትየማታ (butəyämata)
    - Sebat Bet Gurage:
      - Chaha: ቡትያማት (butyamat)
      - Ezha: ቡትያማት (butyamat)
      - Gyeto: ቡትየማታ (butyämata)
      - Muher: ቡትያማት (buttəyamat)

References

Militarev, Alexander; Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 89–91

Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992) Mesopotamian Protective Spirits (Cuneiform Monographs; 1)‎, Groningen: STYX Publications / Brill, →ISBN, page 166
“ptn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Löw, Immanuel (1909) Aramäische Schlangennamen‎ (in German), Szegedin, page 16
In the accusative, a hapax legomenon in a fragment of the Κέστοι (Késtoi) ascribed to Sextus Julius Africanus, where it is called Syrian, and which is also seen in Löw, Immanuel (1909) Aramäische Schlangennamen‎ (in German), Szegedin, page 11
Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 97

[1] Wiggermann, Frans A. M. (1992) Mesopotamian Protective Spirits (Cuneiform Monographs; 1)‎, Groningen: STYX Publications / Brill, →ISBN, page 166

[2] “ptn”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–

[3] Löw, Immanuel (1909) Aramäische Schlangennamen‎ (in German), Szegedin, page 16

[4] In the accusative, a hapax legomenon in a fragment of the Κέστοι (Késtoi) ascribed to Sextus Julius Africanus, where it is called Syrian, and which is also seen in Löw, Immanuel (1909) Aramäische Schlangennamen‎ (in German), Szegedin, page 11

[5] Wagner, Max (1966) Die lexikalischen und grammatikalischen Aramaismen im alttestamentlichen Hebräisch (Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft; 96) (in German), Berlin: Alfred Töpelmann, →ISBN, page 97