Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baraḳ-

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Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baraḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bǐrk’-/*bǎrk’- (“to flash”).

Noun

*baraḳ- m

1. lightning

Inflection

Declension of *baraḳ-

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*baraḳum	*baraḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive	*baraḳim	*baraḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
Accusative	*baraḳam
possessive forms
1st person	*baraḳī / *baraḳVya	—	*baraḳVni
2nd person m	*baraḳVka	*baraḳVkumā / *baraḳVkumay	*baraḳVkum(ū)
2nd person f	*baraḳVki		*baraḳVkin(ā)
3rd person m	*baraḳVšu	*baraḳVšumā / *baraḳVšumay	*baraḳVšum(ū)
3rd person f	*baraḳVša		*baraḳVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baraḳuya for nom. case, *baraḳiya for gen. case, *baraḳaya for acc. case, etc. Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *baraḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *baraḳuka *baraḳāka plural stem + *-ūka Genitive *baraḳika *baraḳayka plural stem + *-īka Accusative *baraḳaka Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *baraḳ- Singular Dual Plural Nominative *baraḳuki *baraḳāki plural stem + *-ūki Genitive *baraḳiki *baraḳayki plural stem + *-īki Accusative *baraḳaki

Descendants

• East Semitic:
  • Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqum)
• West Semitic:
  • Central Semitic:
    • (possibly formed as a deverbal noun rather than a true inheritance) Arabic: بَرْق‎ (barq)
      • Hijazi Arabic: برق‎ (barg)
      • Maltese: beraq
      • Moroccan Arabic: برق‎ (barq)
      • → Ottoman Turkish: برق‎ (berk)
      • → Persian: برق‎ (barq)
    • Northwest Semitic:
      • Aramaic: בַּרְקָא‎ (barqā)
        • Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡉࡓࡒࡀ‎ (birqā)
        • Classical Syriac: ܒܱ݁ܪܩܳܐ‎ (barqā)
      • Canaanite:
        • Hebrew: בָּרָק‎ (barák, bārāq)
        • Phoenician: 𐤁𐤓𐤒‎ (baraq)
          • Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒‎ (baraq)
      • Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq /baraqu/)
    • Old South Arabian:
      • (Epigraphic) Old South Arabian: 𐩨𐩧𐩤‎ (brq)
  • Ethiopian Semitic:
    • Amharic: በርቅ (bärḳ)
    • Ge'ez: በርቅ (bärḳ)
    • Tigrinya: በርቂ (bärqi)
    • Tigre: በርቅ (bärq)
  • Modern South Arabian:
    • Mehri: bōreq
    • Shehri: barq
    • Soqotri: barq
• → Coptic: ⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (ebrēce) (Sahidic)

References

• Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN