Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/ʔaaŋ

This Proto-Mon-Khmer entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mon-Khmer

Etymology

Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ʔaaŋ (Shorto, 2006, #484)

For the initial *h in Proto-Vietic *haːŋʔ, compare the cases of *huːɲ (“to kiss”), *heːt (“finished”), *hanʔ (“he, she, it”), *hɔːŋʔ (“river, brook”), *haːr (“two”).

This root appears to be highly ideophonic and seems to be related to a variety of words in almost all branches:

Proto-Monic *paaŋ "mouth, mouthful" (whence Mon ပါၚ်), Proto-Nicobarese *ʔoal-faːŋ "mouth", Proto-Khmuic *paːŋ (“to open”), Khmer បាង (baang, “bay, gulf”), Chong [of Chantaburi] paːŋ ("flower")
Proto-Monic *raaŋ "to open, to bloom" (whence ရာၚ်), Proto-Khmuic *raːŋ (“flower”), Proto-Bahnaric *raːŋ (“flower”), Proto-Vietic *-raːŋ (“divorced”)
Proto-Bahnaric *kaːŋ (“jaw, chin”), Proto-Katuic *kaaŋ (“mouth”), Proto-Vietic *kaːŋʔ (“mouth, chin”), Khmer កាង (kaang, “to spread, to stretch”), Bolyu qaːŋ⁵⁵ (“wings”)
Proto-Bahnaric *daːŋ (“to crack, parted”), Proto-Katuic *kdaaŋ (“to spread (limbs) apart”), Proto-Khasian *pdaŋ (“crack”)
Proto-Vietic *haːŋ (“cave”) < opening
Proto-Vietic *m-laːŋ (“to open eyes”)
Proto-Bahnaric *-jaːŋ (“to expand, bloat”), Mal jaːŋ ("to divorce, be divorced")

Verb

*ʔaaŋ

to open

Descendants

Aslian:
- Senoic
  - Semai: aang
Proto-Khasian: *ʔaŋ (Sidwell, 2018)
- Khasi: ang (“to open, to crack”)
- Pnar: ang
Proto-Khmuic: *ʔaːŋ (“open, empty”) (Sidwell, 2013)
- Khmu:
  - Cuang: ʔaːŋ
- Mlabri: ʔɯŋ-ʔaŋ
Nicobarese: *ʔaːŋ (Sidwell, 2018)
Proto-Palaungic: *ʔaːŋ (“to open mouth”) (Sidwell, 2015)
- Lamet: ʔaːŋ
- Riang:
  - Lang: ʔɑŋ¹
  - Sak: ʔɑŋ¹
Proto-Vietic: *haːŋʔ (“to open (mouth)”) (Ferlus, 2007) (see there for further descendants)