Reconstruction:Proto-Mon-Khmer/ruŋ

This Proto-Mon-Khmer entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Mon-Khmer

Etymology 1

Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ruŋ ~ *ruuŋ ~ *ruəŋ (Shorto, 2006)

Noun

*ruŋ

river, channel

Descendants

→ Sino-Tibetan: *kl(j)u(ŋ/k) (“river, valley”)
- Old Chinese: 江 (OC *kroːŋ, “river”) and possibly 谷 (OC *ɦkroːɡ, *kloːɡ, *ɡ·loːɡ, “valley”)
  derivate: 港 (OC *kroːŋʔ, *ɡloːŋs, “harbour”)
  → Vietnamese: giang (“river”)
- Written Tibetan: ལྗོངས (ljongs, “valley”), ཀླུང་མ (klung ma, “river, stream”), ལུང་པ (lung pa, “river”)
- Burmese: ချောင်း (hkyaung:, “stream, brook, creek”)
- Tavoyan: ခ္လောင်း (“stream, brook, crekk”)
Bahnaric: *k-rɔɔŋ ("river") (Sidwell, 2011)
- North Bahnaric
  - Halang: kroang (/krɔaŋ/, “river”)
- Central Bahnaric
  - Bahnar: klŏng (/klɔŋ/, “deep water in river or sea”)
- South Bahnaric
  - Sre-Mnong
    - Sre: klong (/kloŋ/, “water-hole”)
    - Mnong: krông (/kroːŋ/, “river”)
Katuic: *rɔɔŋ (“river, stream”) (Sidwell, 2005)
- Katu
  - Phuong: /karuːŋ/
- Pacoh: cruang (/kruəŋ/, “river valley”)
Khmeric
- Old Khmer: *gloṅ, *ghloṅ (“passage, way; waterway”)
  → Thai: คลอง (klɔɔng, “passage”)
  - Modern Khmer: គន្លង (kŭənlɔɔng, “track, trail, way”) (< Old Khmer ganloṅ)
Monic: *krooŋ ("river, stream, creek") (Diffloth, 1984)
- Mon: ကြုၚ် (krɜŋ, “river”)
Palaungic: *rɔŋ (“river valley”) (Sidwell, 2010)
- Waic: *klɔŋ (Diffloth, 1980)
  - Wa: klawng (/klɔŋ/, “river”)
Pearic
- Chong: /kʰrɑːŋ/
Vietic: *k-roːŋ (Ferlus, 2007) (?)
→ Eastern Cham: krăwng (/krɔŋ/, “river”)
→ Acehnese: kruëng (“river”)
- Vietnamese: sông
- Muong: không (/kʰoːŋ¹/, “river”)

Etymology 2

Proto-Mon-Khmer: *ruŋ ~ *ruuŋ ~ *ruəŋ (Shorto, 2006)

Verb

*ruŋ

to fall, to drop off

Descendants

Bahnaric:
- Bahnar: rŭng
- Koho: rung
Vietic: *ruŋʔ (Ferlus, 2007)
- Vietnamese: rụng