Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/taŋis

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *Caŋis.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /taŋis/

Verb

*taŋis

(intransitive) to cry (to weep)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Lamaholot: tani
  - Manipa: kani
  - Tetum: tanis
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Biga: tinis
    - Buli (Indonesia): tangis
    - Gebe: tenis
  - Proto-Oceanic:
    - Central-Eastern Oceanic:
      - Fijian: tagi
      - Proto-Polynesian: *taŋi
        Proto-Nuclear Polynesian:
        Proto-Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: kani
        Mangarevan: tagi
        Rapa Nui: tagi
        Tahitic:
        Maori: tangi
        Rarotongan: tangi
        Tahitian: taʻi
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier :
        Kapingamarangi: tangi
        Sikaiana: tani
        Tuvaluan: tagi
        Futunic:
        East Futuna: tagi
        Futuna-Aniwa: tagi
        Pukapukan: tangi
        Samoic:
        Samoan: tagi
        Tokelauan: tagi
        Tongic:
        Niuean: tagi
        Tongan: tangi
    - Western Oceanic:
      - Keapara: tagi
      - Motu: tai
      - Sinaugoro: taɣi
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippines:
  - Greater Barito:
    - East Barito:
      - Malagasy: tany, tomany
    - Sama-Bajaw:
      - Mapun: tangis
      - Pangutaran Sama: tangis
      - Yakan: tangis, magtangis
    - West Barito:
      - Ngaju: tangis
  - Kayanic:
    - Bahau: nangeh
    - Busang Kayan: nangi
    - Rejang Kayan: tangi
  - North Bornean:
    - Central Sarawakan:
      - Central Melanau: menangih
      - Kanowit: nangih
      - Lahanan: nangi, nangih
    - Northeast Sabahan:
      - Bonggi: tangis
    - Southwest Sabahan:
      - Murutic:
        Burusu: nangi'
        Papar: tumangi'
        Tatana: mantangi'
      - Paitanic:
        Serudung Murut: tumangi'
        Tombonuo: tumangi'
        Upper Kinabatangan: tumangi
  - Proto-Philippine: *taŋis
    - Greater Central Philippine:
      - Central Philippine:
        Bikol Central: tangis
        Tagalog: tangis, tumangis
        Visayan:
        Aklanon: tangis
        Cebuano: tangis
        Hiligaynon: tangis
        Tausug: tangis, tumangis
        Waray-Waray: tangis
      - Palawan:
        Central Tagbanwa: tangit
        Palawan Batak: tangis
    - Kalamian:
      - Agutaynen: tangit
      - Calamian Tagbanwa: tangit
    - Northern Luzon:
      - Cagayan Valley:
        Isnag: sangit
        Itawit: tangit
      - Ilocano: sangit, agsangit
      - Northeastern Luzon:
        Dupaningan Agta: sanget
        Casiguran Dumagat Agta: sanget
    - Sangiric:
      - Sangir: sangi, sangi'
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Karo Batak: tangis
    - Toba Batak: tangis
  - Gayo: tangis
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Chamorro: tanges
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Bali-Sasak-Sumbawa:
      - Balinese: tangis
      - Sasak: tangis
    - Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
      - Proto-Malayic: *taŋis
        Malay: tangis
        Indonesian: tangis
        Minangkabau: tangih, manangih
        Urak Lawoi': ตาแงฮ (tangäh), มือนาแงฮ (menangäh)
  - Old Javanese: tangis
    - Javanese: tangis, nangis
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Tae': tangi'
    - Toraja-Sa'dan: tumangi'