Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/salaq

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /salaʔ/, /salaq/

Adjective

*salaq

wrong, in error (of behavior)

Descendants

Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Central Maluku:
    - Alune: sala
    - Asilulu: sala
    - Buru (Indonesia): sala
    - Watubela: sala
  - Kei–Tanimbar:
    - Fordata: sala
    - Yamdena: sale
  - Selaru:
    - Selaru: sal
  - Sumba–Flores:
    - Bima: sala
    - Kambera: hala
    - Manggarai: sala
    - Sabu: hala
  - Timor–Babar:
    - Bilba: sala, salak
    - Kisar: hala
    - Leti (Indonesia): sala
    - Tetun Dili: sala
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  - Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
    - Biak: sār
    - Buli (Indonesia): sāl
    - Kowiai: sala
    - Sawai: sole
  - Proto-Oceanic: *salaq
    - Central–Eastern Oceanic:
      - Central Pacific:
        East Fijian–Polynesian:
        Fijian: cala
        Proto-Polynesian: *sala
        Nuclear Polynesian:
        Eastern Polynesian:
        Marquesic:
        Hawaiian: hala
        Mangarevan: hara
        North Marquesan: ha’a
        South Marquesan: ha’a
        Rapa Nui: hara
        Tahitic:
        Maori: hara
        Rarotongan: ‘ara
        Tahitian: hara
        Tuamotuan: hara
        Western Polynesian:
        Ellicean–Outlier:
        Kapingamarangi: hala, hara
        Sikaiana: sala
        Takuu: sala
        Tuvaluan: hala
        Futunic:
        Anuta: tara
        East Futuna: sala
        Emae: sara
        Mele-Fila: sara
        Pukapukan: yala
        Tikopia: sara
        Samoic:
        Samoan: sala
        Tokelauan: hala
        Tongic:
        Niuafo'ou: hala
        Niuean: hala
        Tongan: hala
        West Fijian–Rotuman:
        Rotuman: sara
        Western Fijian: cala
      - Southeast Solomonic:
        'Are'are: tara
        Arosi: tara
        Kwaio: tala
        Lau: tala
        Sa'a: tala
        To'abaita: tala
Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippine:
  - Basap–Greater Barito:
    - Basap: sala
    - East Barito:
      - Dusun Witu: hala'
      - Malagasy: salasala
      - Tawoyan: sala
    - Sama-Bajaw:
      - Central Sama: sā'
      - Mapun: sā'
      - Yakan: sā'
    - West Barito:
      - Bakumpai: sala
      - Ngaju: sala
  - Kayanic:
    - Baram Kayan: sala
    - Murik (Malaysia): sala'
  - Land Dayak:
    - Bekati': sara
    - Benyadu': sara'
    - Biatah Bidayuh: sarah
    - Rejang: salea'
  - North Bornean:
    - Central Sarawakan:
      - Melanau:
        Central Melanau: sala'
        Kanowit: sala'
      - Kajang:
        Kajaman: sala' (IPA^(key): /çaɮaʔ/)
        Lahanan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
        Sekapan: sala' (IPA^(key): /saɮaʔ/)
      - Müller-Schwaner:
        Aoheng: sala'
        Hovongan: sala'
        Kereho: sala'
      - Punan:
        Bukat: sala'
        Punan Aput: sala'
        Punan Bah-Biau: sala'
        Ukit: sala'
    - North Sarawakan:
      - Dayic:
        Kelabit: sala'
        Lun Bawang: sala'
      - Kenyah: sala'
      - Penan:
        Eastern Penan: sala'
        Western Penan: sala'
    - Northeast Sabahan:
      - Bonggi: sala'
      - Ida'an: sala'
    - Southwest Sabahan:
      - Dusunic:
        Central Dusun: sala'
        Coastal Kadazan: hasa'
        Kimaragang: sala
        Rungus: sala
        Tobilung: sala
      - Murutic:
        Burusu: sala
        Timugon Murut: sala
      - Paitanic:
        Tombonuo: sala', sola'
        Upper Kinabatangan: sala, salah
  - Proto-Philippine: *salaq
    - Batanic:
      - Ivatan: sala
      - Yami: sala
    - Central Luzon:
      - Kapampangan: sala
    - Greater Central Philippine:
      - Central Philippine:
        Bikol Central: sala
        Mansaka: sara
        Tagalog: sala
        Visayan:
        Aklanon: saea
        Asi: sala
        Cebuano: sala
        Hiligaynon: sala
        Masbatenyo: sala
        Romblomanon: sala
        Waray-Waray: sala
        Tausug: sā'
      - Danao:
        Maranao: sala
      - Gorontalo–Mongondow:
        Mongondow: tala
      - Manobo:
        Binukid: sala
        Western Bukidnon Manobo: sala
      - Palawan:
        Brooke's Point Palawano: sala'
        Central Tagbanwa: sala
        Tagbanwa: sala'
      - Subanen:
        Central Subanen: sala'
    - Kalamian:
      - Agutaynen: talak
    - Minahasan:
      - Tontemboan: sala
    - Northern Luzon:
      - Batad Ifugao: halla
      - Keley-I Kallahan: halla, hela
      - Tuwali Ifugao: halla
    - South Mindanao:
      - Tboli: sala
      - Tiruray: sala
    - Sangiric:
      - Sangir: sala
- Celebic:
  - Balantak: sala
  - Banggai: sala
  - Da'a Kaili: sala
  - Muna: sala
  - Pamona: sala
  - Tajio: sala
  - Wolio: sala
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
  - Batak:
    - Dairi Batak: salah
    - Karo Batak: salah
    - Simalungun Batak: salah
    - Toba Batak: sala
  - Mentawai: sele
  - Nias: sala
  - Simeulue: sala
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
  - Chamorro: sala
  - Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
    - Bali–Sasak:
      - Balinese: salah
      - Sasak: sala', sala
    - Proto-Malayic: *salah
      - Banjarese: salah
      - Ibanic:
        Iban: salah
        Keninjal: salah
        Mualang: salah
        Seberuang: salah
      - Malayan:
        Brunei Malay: salah
        Malay: salah
        Indonesian: salah
        Minangkabau: salah
      - Urak Lawoi': ซาลัฮ (salah)
  - Old Javanese: salah
    - Javanese: salah
  - Proto-South Sulawesi:
    - Buginese: sala
    - Makasar: sala
    - Tae': sala

Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/salaq

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

Adjective

Descendants

Further reading