Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paŋdan

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Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/paŋdan

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *paŋudaN.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /paŋdan/

Noun

*paŋdan

1. the screw pine; Pandanus spp.

Descendants

• Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Central Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Flores–Lembata:
      • Sika: pedang
    • Sumba–Flores:
      • Kambera: pàndangu
      • Manggarai: pandang
      • Rembong: pandang
    • Timor–Babar:
      • Bilba: henak
      • Leti (Indonesia): edna, enna
      • Tetun Dili: hedan
  • Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
    • Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
      • Kowiai: fodan
    • Oceanic: *padran
      • Admiralty Islands:
        • Manus:
          • Eastern:
            • Andra-Hus: pah
            • Leipon: padr
            • Papitalai: par
          • Intermediate:
            • Lou: par
        • Southeast:
          • Loniu: pa
        • Western:
          • Aua: para
          • Wuvulu: paxa
      • Central-Eastern Oceanic:
        • Central Pacific:
          • Fijian: vadra
          • Polynesian: *fara
            • Nuclear Polynesian:
              • Eastern Polynesian:
                • Marquesic:
                  • Hawaiian: hala
                  • Mangarevan: ʻara
                  • North Marquesan: haʻa
                  • South Marquesan: faʻa
                • Tahitic:
                  • Maori: whara, hara
                  • Rakahanga-Manihiki: hara
                  • Rarotongan: ‘ara
                  • Tahitian: fara
                  • Tuamotuan: fara, hara
              • Western Polynesian:
                • Ellicean–Outlier:
                  • Kapingamarangi: hala
                  • Nukumanu: hara
                  • Pileni: hala
                  • Sikaiana: hala
                  • Takuu: fara, hara
                  • Tuvaluan: fala
                • Futunic:
                  • Anuta: para, paa
                  • East Futuna: fala
                  • Futuna-Aniwa: fara
                  • Pukapukan: wala
                  • Tikopia: fara
                • Samoic:
                  • Samoan: fala
                  • Tokelauan: fala
            • Tongic:
              • Niuean: fā
              • Tongan: fā, faá
          • Rotuman: hata
          • Western Fijian: vadra
        • Micronesian:
          • Gilbertese: ara
          • Puluwat: faar
          • Woleaian: fash, fasha
        • Southeast Solomonic:
          • Lau: fada-da
        • Southern Oceanic:
          • Iaai: watr
      • St. Matthias Islands:
        • Mussau-Emira: arana
      • Western Oceanic:
        • Gedaged: pad
        • Gitua: pada
        • Mbula: paanda
• Western Malayo-Polynesian:
  • Borneo-Philippine:
    • Greater Barito:
      • Malagasy: fandrana
      • Ngaju: pandan
    • Philippine: *paŋdan
      • Greater Central Philippine:
        • Central Philippine:
          • Aklanon: pangdan
          • Bikol Central: pangdan, pandan
          • Cebuano: pangdan
          • Tagalog: pandan
        • Danao:
          • Maranao: pandan
        • Gorontalo–Mongondow:
          • Mongondow: pondang
        • South Mangyan:
          • Hanunoo: pangdan
      • Minahasan:
        • Tontemboan: pondang
      • Northern Luzon:
        • Ilocano: pangdan
        • Isnag: pandan
        • Kankanaey: pangdan
      • Sangiric:
        • Ratahan: pondang
        • Sangir: pondang
        • Talaud: pondanna, pondangnga
  • Celebic:
    • Muna: ponda
    • Pamona: pondani
  • Moklenic:
    • Moken: panan
  • Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
    • Batak:
      • Karo Batak: pandan
      • Toba Batak: pandan
    • Mentawai: padat
    • Simeulue: pandan
  • Sunda-Sulawesi:
    • Chamorro: påhong
    • Malayo-Sumbawan:
      • Bali–Sasak:
        • Balinese: pandan, pandhan
        • Sasak: pandan
      • Madurese: pandhan
      • Malayic: *pandan
        • Ibanic:
          • Iban: pandan
        • Malayan:
          • Brunei Malay: pandan
          • Malay: pandan
            • Indonesian: pandan
      • Sundanese: pandan
    • Old Javanese: paṇḍan
      • Javanese: pandhan, pandan
    • South Sulawesi:
      • Buginese: panreng
      • Makasar: pandang
      • Mandar: pandeng
      • Selayar: pandang
      • Tae': pondan

Further reading

• Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *paŋudaN
• Wolff, J. U. (2010) Proto-Austronesian Phonology with Glossary, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications