< Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kukuh
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Etymology
From earlier *kuhkuh, from Proto-Austronesian *kuSkuS.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kukuh/
Noun
*kukuh
- nail (on fingers and toes)
Descendants
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
- Komodo: wuku
- Manggarai: huku
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Proto-Oceanic: *kuku
- Central-Eastern Oceanic:
- Central Oceanic:
- East Fijian-Polynesian:
- Fijian: kuku
- Proto-Polynesian: *akikuku, *matikuku, *maqikuku (see there for further descendants)
- West Fijian-Rotuman:
- Rotuman: mänʻuʻu
- Western Fijian: kuku
- East Fijian-Polynesian:
- Micronesian:
- Chuukese: kkú
- Pohnpeian: kihk
- Woleaian: kiu
- Southeast Solomonic:
- Gela: gugu
- Central Oceanic:
- Western Oceanic:
- Nakanai: lakuku
- Numbami: kuku
- Central-Eastern Oceanic:
- Proto-Oceanic: *kuku
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
- Western Malayo-Polynesian:
- Borneo-Philippines:
- Barito:
- East Barito:
- Ma'anyan: kuku
- Malagasy: hoho
- Sama-Bajaw:
- Central Sama: kukku, kuku
- Mapun: kuku
- Yakan: kukku
- East Barito:
- Proto-Philippine: *kukuh
- Asi: kuko
- Bikol Central: kuko
- Cebuano: kuko
- Ilocano: kuko
- Ivatan: kokoh
- Limos Kalinga: kuku
- Maranao: kanoko
- Tagalog: kuko
- Tausug: kukku
- Barito:
- Celebic:
- Mori Atas: kuku
- Wawonii: kuku
- Moklenic:
- Moken: kekoi
- Moklen: kukoi
- Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi:
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
- Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw
- Acehnese: gukèë, gukee
- Coastal Chamic:
- Cham:
- Eastern Cham: kakŏw
- Western Cham: kakau
- Haroi: kờkău
- Cham:
- Highlands Chamic:
- Jarai: tơkâo
- Rade: kkâo
- Northern Chamic:
- Tsat: kaw²¹
- Proto-Malayic: *kuku
- Iban: kuku
- Kendayan: kuku
- Malayan:
- Brunei Malay: kuku
- Malay: kuku
- Indonesian: kuku
- Minangkabau: kuku
- Urak Lawoi': กูกู (kuku)
- Proto-Chamic: *kukɔw
- Sundanese: ᮊᮥᮊᮥ (kuku)
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
- Borneo-Philippines: