< Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/kapas
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Etymology
Early borrowing from East Austroasiatic, whence Proto-Mon-Khmer *kpaas. Compare Sanskrit कर्पास (karpāsa) and Old Chinese 布 (OC *pˤa-s) (B-S), both of which are probably Austroasiatic loans.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkapas/
Noun
*kapas
- cotton, thread
Descendants
- Celebic:
- Muna–Buton:
- Muna: kapa
- Saluan–Banggai:
- Balantak: kapas
- Tomini–Tolitoli:
- Tajio: gapas
- Muna–Buton:
- Greater Barito:
- Sama-Bajaw:
- Central Sama: gapas
- Mapun: gapas
- West Coast Bajau: kapas
- Yakan: gapas
- West Barito:
- Ngaju: kapas
- Sama-Bajaw:
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *kapas
- Bali–Sasak:
- Balinese: ᬓᬧᬲ᭄ (kapas)
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic: *kapas
- Proto-Chamic: *kapaːs[1]
- Acehnese: gapeueh
- Coastal Chamic:
- Eastern Cham: ꨆꨚꩍ (kapah)
- Highlands Chamic:
- Chru-Northern Chamic:
- Tsat: pa²¹
- Jarai: kơpaih
- Rade: kpaih
- Chru-Northern Chamic:
- Proto-Malayic: *kapas
- Iban: kapas
- Malay: kapas
- Indonesian: kapas
- Minangkabau: kapeh
- Urak Lawoi': กาปัซ (kapas)
- Proto-Chamic: *kapaːs[1]
- Bali–Sasak:
- North Borneo:
- Proto-North Sarawak:
- Berawan–Lower Baram:
- Miri': apas
- Dayic:
- Lun Bawang: kapas
- Berawan–Lower Baram:
- Northeast Sabah:
- Bonggi: gapas
- Southwest Sabah:
- Dusunic:
- Rungus: gapas
- Tobilung: gapas
- Murutic:
- Burusu: kapas
- Dusunic:
- Proto-North Sarawak:
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
- Toba Batak: hapas
- Proto-Oceanic:
- Fijian: kava
- Proto-Polynesian: *kafa (“sennit”)[2]
- Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *kafa
- Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *kaha
- Marquesic:
- Hawaiian: ʻaha
- Mangarevan: kaha
- North Marquesan: kaha
- Tahitic:
- Maori: kaha
- Penrhyn: kaha
- Rakahanga-Manihiki: kaha
- Rapa: ka’a
- Rarotongan: ka‘a
- Tahitian: aha
- Tuamotuan: kaha
- Marquesic:
- Samoic–Outlier:
- Ellicean:
- Kapingamarangi: gaha
- Nuguria: kaha
- Nukuoro: gaha
- Sikaiana: aha
- Takuu: kafa, kaha
- Tuvaluan: kafa
- Futunic:
- Anuta: kapa
- East Futuna: kafa
- Emae: kafa
- Futuna-Aniwa: kafa
- Pileni: kaha
- Pukapukan: kawa
- Rennellese: kaha
- Tikopia: kafa
- West Uvean: kafa
- Samoic:
- Samoan: ʻafa
- Tokelauan: kafa
- Ellicean:
- Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *kaha
- Tongic:
- Niuafo'ou: kafa
- Niuean: kafa
- Tongan: kafa
- Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *kafa
- Western Fijian: kava-ti
- Old Javanese: kapas
- Javanese: ꦏꦥꦱ꧀ (kapas)
- Proto-Philippine: *kapas ~ *kapəs
- Central Luzon:
- Sambalic:
- Abenlen Ayta: kapah
- Bolinao: kápas
- Sambalic:
- Greater Central Philippine:
- Central Philippine:
- Bikol:
- Bikol Central: gapas
- Mansakan:
- Tagakaulu Kalagan: gapas
- Visayan:
- Asi: gápas
- Cebuano: gapas
- Masbatenyo: gápas
- Romblomanon: gāpas
- Tausug: gapas
- Waray-Waray: gapas
- Bikol:
- Gorontalo–Mongondow:
- Mongondow: kapot
- Manobo:
- Ata Manobo: gapas
- Palawanic:
- Brooke's Point Palawano: gapas
- Central Philippine:
- Northern Luzon:
- Ilocano: kápas
- Cagayan Valley:
- Isnag: kápat
- Yogad: kapát
- Meso-Cordilleran:
- Central Cordilleran:
- Kalinga–Itneg:
- Binongan Itneg: kapes
- Lubuagan Kalinga: kapas
- Nuclear Cordilleran:
- Central Bontoc: kápəs
- Batad Ifugao: kápoh, āpoh
- Kankanaey: kápes
- Northern Kankanay: kapes
- Kalinga–Itneg:
- Southern Cordilleran:
- Ibaloi: kapes
- Keley-I Kallahan: kapeh
- Pangasinan: kapés
- Central Cordilleran:
- Northeastern Luzon:
- Dupaningan Agta: kapas
- South Mindanao:
- Tboli: gófós
- Central Luzon:
- Proto-South Sulawesi:
- Duri: kapaq, kapah
References
- Thurgood, Graham (1999) From Ancient Cham to Modern Dialects: Two Thousand Years of Language Contact and Change, Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
- Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “KAFA.1”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online