< Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/buqaya
 | This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *buqaya.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /buqaya/
Noun
*buqaya
- crocodile
Descendants
- Basap–Greater Barito:
- Basap: buaya
- East Barito:
- Northeast:
- Benuaq: biyayaʔ
- Paser: bayo
- Tawoyan: buah
- Southeast:
- Dusun Witu: wu'ah
- Ma'anyan: wu'ah
- Malagasy: voay
- Northeast:
- Mahakam:
- Tunjung: bahayaʔ
- Sama-Bajaw: *buayə
- Central Sama: buwaya
- Mapun: bowe, boe
- Southern Sama: buwaya
- West Coast Bajau: boyo
- Yakan: buwaye, buwae
- West Barito:
- Northwest:
- Kadorih: bacoʔ
- Southwest:
- Bakumpai: buaiʔ
- Kapuas: bəjaiʔ
- Ngaju: bajai'
- Northwest:
- Celebic:
- Kaili–Pamona:
- Pamona: wuaja
- Muna–Buton:
- Cia-Cia: bueya
- Muna: buea
- Saluan–Banggai:
- Balantak: buaya
- Banggai: buea
- Tomini–Tolitoli:
- Tajio: buaya
- Wotu–Wolio:
- Wolio: buea
- Kaili–Pamona:
- Proto-Central-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian: *buqaya
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
- Aru:
- Dobel: kwa-kwasa
- Central Maluku:
- Buru–Sula–Taliabo:
- Soboyo: foya
- Piru Bay:
- East Piru Bay:
- Kamarian: huay
- Paulohi: huay
- West Piru Bay:
- Asilulu: hua
- Manipa: huaa
- East Piru Bay:
- Buru–Sula–Taliabo:
- Kei–Tanimbar:
- Fordata: bwea
- Yamdena: bwaye
- Sumba–Flores:
- Kodi: woyo, wo
- Manggarai: waja
- Kempo: wae
- Palu'e: waya
- Rembong: waza
- Sabu: woe
- Timoric:
- Ili'uun:
- Erai: hea
- Luangic:
- Leti (Indonesia): wuaa
- Ili'uun:
- Aru:
- Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian:
- Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
- Buli (Indonesia): piay
- Sawai: pyay
- Proto-Oceanic: *puqaya
- Admiralty Islands:
- Eastern:
- Manus:
- East Manus:
- Titan: ᵬuay
- East Manus:
- Southeast:
- Lou: pua
- Manus:
- Western:
- Seimat: hua
- Wuvulu-Aua: fuaxa, fuara
- Eastern:
- Central-Eastern Oceanic:
- Southeast Solomonic:
- Bugotu–Gela:
- Bughotu: vua
- Gela: vua
- Malaita–Makira:
- Makira:
- Arosi: huasa
- Bauro: huā
- Malaita:
- 'Are'are: huara
- Kwaio: fuala
- Lau: fuasa
- Sa'a: huasa
- Makira:
- Bugotu–Gela:
- Southern Oceanic:
- North Vanuatu:
- Torres–Banks:
- Mota: puasa
- Torres–Banks:
- North Vanuatu:
- Southeast Solomonic:
- Western Oceanic:
- Meso-Melanesian:
- Bali–Vitu:
- Uneapa: bugha
- Northwest Solomonic:
- New Georgia–Ysabel:
- Roviana: vu-vua
- New Georgia–Ysabel:
- Tungag–Nalik:
- Tigak: uaya
- Bali–Vitu:
- North New Guinea:
- Huon Gulf:
- Markham:
- South Watut: fuga
- Numbami: yuwaya
- Markham:
- Ngero–Vitiaz:
- Ngero:
- Gitua: pugaya
- Lusi: puaya
- Amara: a-pua
- Ngero:
- Huon Gulf:
- Papuan Tip:
- Central Papuan Tip:
- Sinagoro–Keapara:
- Keapara:
- Aroma: vuatha
- Kalo: vugae, wugae
- Keapara:
- West Central Papuan Tip:
- Gabadi: ua
- Motu: huala, uala
- Nuclear West Central Papuan Tip:
- Lala (New Guinea): vuara
- Mekeo: ufala
- Roro: puaea
- Sinagoro–Keapara:
- Central Papuan Tip:
- Meso-Melanesian:
- Admiralty Islands:
- Proto-Halmahera-Cenderawasih:
- Central Malayo-Polynesian:
- Kayanic: *bəhaya
- Kayan–Murik:
- Kayan:
- Bahau: bayaʔ
- Busang Kayan: bayaʔ
- Wahau Kayan: wəjəʔ
- Murik–Merap:
- Murik (Malaysia): bayaʔ
- Ngorek: bayaʔ
- Punan Merap: mayaːʔ
- Kayan:
- Segai–Modang:
- Segai:
- Gaai: wahjoʔ
- Kelai: wahjɛʔ
- Modang:
- Long Gelat: wahəhao̯ʔ
- Mei Lan: wahjao̯ʔ
- Woq Helaq: wahjao̯ʔ
- Segai:
- Kayan–Murik:
- Lampungic: *buha
- Abung: buho
- Komering: buha
- Lampung Api: buha
- Land Dayak: *buʔay(ə)
- Benyadu–Bekatiʼ: *buraw
- Bekati': buro
- Benyadu': buro
- Rara Bakati': boro
- Bidayuh–Rejang:
- Bidayuh:
- Bau Bidayuh: bu'ai
- Biatah Bidayuh: bu'ai
- Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: bu'ai
- Rejang: ꤷꥈꥆꥊ (buay)
- Bidayuh:
- Southern Land Dayak:
- Golik: buɔ̰ḭː
- Jangkang: bui
- Ribun: bayoːʔ
- Sanggau: bui
- Benyadu–Bekatiʼ: *buraw
- Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan: *buhaya
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
- Balinese: ᬩᬸᬯᬬ (buaya)
- Madurese: bhâjâ
- Proto-Malayo-Chamic:
- Proto-Chamic: *buya
- Acehnese: buya
- Coastal Chamic:
- Haroi: pəyɨa
- Cham:
- Eastern Cham: ꨝꨪꨢꨩ (biya)
- Western Cham: ꨝꨢꨩ (baya)
- Highlands Chamic:
- Chru–Northern Chamic:
- Chru: bia
- Northern Chamic:
- Northern Roglai: bia
- Jarai: bia
- Rade: mơya
- Chru–Northern Chamic:
- Proto-Malayic: *buhaya
- Ibanic:
- Iban: baya
- Mualang: buaya
- Malayan:
- Brunei Malay: buaya
- Malay: buaya
- Indonesian: buaya
- → Min Nan: 末仔, 峇囝 (bôa-iá; bā-kiáⁿ)
- Minangkabau: buayo
- Urak Lawoi': บาฮายา (bahaya)
- Ibanic:
- Proto-Chamic: *buya
- Sundanese: ᮘᮥᮠᮚ (buhaya)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa:
- Moklenic:
- Moken: kaya
- North Borneo:
- Central Sarawak:
- Melanau–Kajang:
- Melanau:
- Central Melanau: baya
- Kanowit: baya
- Kajang:
- Kajaman: baʔaʑah
- Lahanan: baʑah
- Sekapan: baʑa
- Melanau:
- Punan–Müller-Schwaner:
- Müller-Schwaner (Punan): *buajo
- Hovongan: buajo
- Kereho: buajo
- Seputan: wajo
- Punan: *buay
- Bukat: buay
- Bukitan: buay
- Punan Aput: buay
- Punan Bah-Biau: buay
- Punan Tubu: boay
- Ukit: buay
- Müller-Schwaner (Punan): *buajo
- Melanau–Kajang:
- Proto-North Sarawak:
- Apo Duat:
- Lun Bawang: buayeh
- Tabun: baya
- Kelabit: bayeh
- Lun Bawang: buayeh
- Berawan–Lower Baram:
- Berawan:
- Long Jegan: bijəy
- Long Terawan: bijih
- Lower Baram:
- Kiput: accih
- Narom: bayeə̯h
- Dali': base
- Miri': bajeh
- Berawan:
- Bintulu: baza
- Kenyah: *baya(ʔ)
- Highland A:
- Lepoʼ Gah: baya
- Lepoʼ Laang: baya
- Lepoʼ Sawa: baya
- Highland B:
- Badeng: bayaʔ
- Lepoʼ Tau: bayaʔ
- Lowland:
- Lebo' Vo': bayɨ
- Penan:
- Eastern Penan: bayah
- Western Penan: bayah
- Umaʼ Pawe: bayəʔ
- Highland A:
- Apo Duat:
- Northeast Sabah:
- Bonggi: biaa
- Ida'an: boyo
- Southwest Sabah:
- Dusunic:
- Central Dusun: buayo
- Coastal Kadazan: buazo
- Momogun:
- Kimaragang: buayo
- Rungus: buhazo
- Tobilung: buayo
- Murutic:
- Burusu: buayo
- Sabah Bisaya: buwayu
- Paitanic:
- Abai Sungai: wayoh
- Tombonuo: wayoh
- Upper Kinabatangan: buayo
- Dusunic:
- Central Sarawak:
- Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands:
- Batak:
- Dairi Batak: buaya
- Karo Batak: buaya
- Mandailing Batak: buaya
- Toba Batak: buea
- Nias: buaya
- Simeulue: boea, foea
- Batak:
- Old Javanese: buhaya
- Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya)
- Proto-Philippine: *buqáya
- Central Luzon:
- Sambalic:
- Abenlen Ayta: bo-aya
- Bolinao: buaya
- Sambali: boaya
- Sambalic:
- Greater Central Philippine:
- Central Philippine:
- Bikol:
- Bikol Central: buwáya
- Mansakan:
- Mansaka: bowaya
- Tagakaulu Kalagan: buwaya
- Tagalog: buwáya, buáya, bwáya
- Visayan:
- Asi:
- Asi: buáda
- Cebu:
- Cebuano: buáya
- Central:
- Hiligaynon: buáya
- Masbatenyo: buwáya
- Romblomanon: bu'āya
- South:
- Tausug: buaya
- West:
- Aklanon: buwaya, bowaya
- Asi:
- Bikol:
- Danao:
- Maguindanao: buaya
- Maranao: boaya
- Gorontalo–Mongondow:
- Gorontalo: huayo
- Mongondow: buaya
- Manobo:
- Agusan Manobo: bu'aja
- Ata Manobo: bu-aya
- Binukid: buaya
- Obo Manobo: buaya'
- Western Bukidnon Manobo: buaya
- Palawanic:
- Brooke's Point Palawano: buwaya, buwaya', buaya'
- Central Palawano: buwaya
- Tagbanwa: buwaya
- South Mangyan:
- Hanunoo: buáya
- Subanen:
- Central Subanen: buaya
- Central Philippine:
- Kalamian:
- Agutaynen: bokaya
- Calamian Tagbanwa: bukaya
- Minahasan:
- Tontemboan: wuaya
- Northern Luzon:
- Ilocano: buwáya, buáya
- Cagayan Valley:
- Ibanag: buwaya, buaya
- Isnag: buáya
- Itawit: hwáya, vuwaya
- Meso-Cordilleran:
- Central Cordilleran:
- Bontoc:
- Central Bontoc: buwáya
- Ifugao:
- Batad Ifugao: buwāya
- Mayoyao Ifugao: buáya
- Tuwali Ifugao: buwaya
- Kalinga–Itneg:
- Limos Kalinga: buwaya
- Lubuagan Kalinga: buwaya
- Kankanaey:
- Kankanaey: buáya
- Northern Kankanay: bowaya
- Bontoc:
- Southern Cordilleran:
- Ilongot: buaya
- Karao: bowaja
- Keley-I Kallahan: buhayya
- Pangasinan: buáya
- Central Cordilleran:
- Northeastern Luzon:
- Casiguran Dumagat Agta: buaya
- Sangiric:
- Sangir: buala
- Talaud: buala
- South Mindanao:
- Koronadal Blaan: bwoya
- Tboli: bwaya
- Tiruray: buaya
- Central Luzon:
- Proto-South Sulawesi: *buaya
- Bugis–Tamanic:
- Buginese: buaja
- Makassaric:
- Makasar: buaja
- Northern:
- Duri: buaja
- Tae': buaya
- Toraja-Sa'dan: buaya
- Bugis–Tamanic:
Further reading
- Alexander D. Smith, 2017, The Languages of Borneo: A Comprehensive Classification, dissertation, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa.
- Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *buqaya
- Wolff, J. U. (2010) Proto-Austronesian Phonology with Glossary, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications