Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ʒ₁umar-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

*ʒ₁m-ar- (Klimov)
*ʒ₁am-ar- (Čuxua)

Etymology

*ʒ₁um- +‎ *-ar

Noun

*ʒ₁um-ar- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

vinegar

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Old Georgian: ძმარი (ʒmari)
  - Georgian: ძმარი (ʒmari)
    - → Bats: ძმარ (ʒmar)
    - → Mingrelian: ძიმარი (ʒimari)
- Zan:
  - ⇒ Laz: მჯუმორი (mǯumori, “vinegar”), ონჯუმორუ (onǯumoru, “to salt”)
  - Mingrelian: ჯუმორი (ǯumori)
⇒ Svan: ჯჷმარ (ǯəmar, “vinegar”), ლჷჯმარე (ləǯmare, “sulguni ← *salty”)

References

Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 631–632
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 611–612
Климов, Г. А. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 239, notes similarity with Northwest Caucasian and Northeast Caucasian
Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 289–290
Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 417–418
Kiria, Č̣abuḳi; Ezugbaia, Lali; Memišiši, Omar; Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 897