Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/zura-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Etymology

The word appears to be absent in Georgian. Seemingly similar words exist in Northeast Caucasian languages: compare Chechen зуда (zuda, “female”), жеро (žero, “widow”), Ingush зуда (zuda, “bitch”), жеро (žero, “widow”), Bats ჟერო̆ (žerŏ, “widow”), Lak гужа (guža, “bitch”).

Noun

*zur(a)-

female

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Zan:
  - Laz: ზურა (zura, “female (of animals)”)
  - Mingrelian: ზურა (zura, “coward”)
Svan: ზურა̄ლ (zurāl, “female (of humans)”), ზურალ (zural), ზურა̈ჲ (zuräy, “female (of animals)”), ზურაჲ (zuray), ზურა̈ (zurä)

References

Кипшидзе, И. (1914), “ზურა”, in Грамматика мингрельского (иверского) языка с хрестоматией и словарем [Grammar of the Mingrelian (Iverian) Language with a Reader and a Dictionary] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 7) (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 238a
Goniašvili, Tinatin (1940), “Leksiḳuri šexvedrebi čačnurisa kartvelur enebtan [The lexical interactions of Chechen with Kartvelian languages]”, in Enis, isṭoriisa da maṭerialuri ḳulṭuris insṭiṭuṭis aḳademiḳos niḳo maris saxelobis moambe (in Georgian), volume V-VI, Tbilisi: Metsniereba, page 602
Nikolayev, S. L.; Starostin, S. A. (1994), “*ʒɦuṭ”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers
Klimov, G. A. (1998), “*zura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 61
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), “*zur-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 179―180
Čuxua, Merab (2007) Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 338