Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/Lam-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

*c̣₁am- (Klimov)

Noun

*Lam- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)

morning

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Zan:
  - ⇒ Laz: ჭუმენ (č̣umen, “tomorrow”), ჭუმე (č̣ume), ჭუმანი (č̣umani, “morning; tomorrow”)
  - ⇒ Mingrelian: ჭუმე (č̣ume, “tomorrow”), ჭუმანი (č̣umani), ოჭმარე (oč̣mare, “morning”)
Svan: ჰამ (ham, “morning”)

References

Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳon [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, pages 201–203
Schmidt, Karl Horst (1961), “Sibilanten- und Affrikatenkorrespondenzen in den Kartwelsprachen”, in Bedi Kartlisa (in German), volume XI–XII, Paris, page 151 of 149―163
Schmidt, Karl Horst (1962) Studien zur Rekonstruktion des Lautstandes der südkaukasischen Grundsprache (Abhandlungen für die Kunde des Morgenlandes; XXXIV, 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Kommissionsverlag Franz Steiner GmbH, page 160
Klimov, G. A. (1998), “*c̣₁am-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 306
Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000), “*Lam-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 738–739
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), “*Lam-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 725–726