Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/krcxeml-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

*cxeml- (Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe)

Reconstruction

Considerable deviation in Georgian cognates on the basis of which Klimov reconstructs *krcx(e)ml-, a simpler reconstruction is proposed by Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe. The nature of ე/ი < *ე (e/i < *e) vocalism in Zan cognates is unknown, usually *ცხამურ- (*cxamur-) would be expected in Zan. Svan cognate is regular.

Noun

*krcxeml-

hornbeam

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- ⇒ Old Georgian: ცხემლა (cxemla), ქრცხემლი (krcxemli), ქრცხებული (krcxebuli), ქრცხილი (krcxili), ქრცხილა (krcxila), რცხილა (rcxila)
- Zan:
  - Laz: ცხემური (cxemuri), მცხემბრი (mcxembri), ცხემბი (cxembi)
  - Mingrelian: ცხიმური (cximuri), ცხემური (cxemuri)
⇒ Svan: ცხუმ (cxum), ცხუმრა (cxumra), ცხუ̂იმრა (cxûimra), ცხუ̂იმ (cxûim), ცხჷმ (cxəm)
→? Old Armenian: Ցըխոյ-ք (Cʿəxoy-kʿ, an ethnonym)
→⇒? Old Armenian: Սա-ցխում-էթ (Sa-cʿxum-ētʿ, a toponym)

References

Климов, Г. А. (1964), “*krcxeml-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 200
Klimov, G. A. (1998), “*krcxml-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 219, probably with typo in headword
Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000), “*cxeml-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 585
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), “*cxeml-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 565