< Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian
Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/kart-
 | This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Kartvelian
Root
*kart-
- eastern Georgia, Georgians
Descendants
- Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- ⇒ Old Georgian: ქართლი (kartli, “Kartli”) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Svan: ქა̈რთ (kärt, “Tbilisi, eastern Georgia”), მჷქა̈რთ (məkärt, “eastern Georgian (person)”), ლჷქა̈რთუ (ləkärtu, “eastern Georgian (of non-humans)”)
- Unsorted borrowings
- →⇒? Laz: ოქართალუ (okartalu, “to be polite, act well ← *to be a townsman (to be civilized)?”)
- →⇒ Mingrelian: ქართი (karti, “Tbilisi”), ქართალი (kartali, “Tbilisian (person), townsman”) (see there for further descendants)
Derived terms
- ⇒ Proto-Georgian-Zan: *kart(w)-el- (“Georgian (person)”)
- ⇒ Old Georgian: ქართველი (kartveli, “Georgian”), საქართველო (sakartvelo, “Georgia”) (see there for further descendants)
- Zan:
- ⇒ Laz: ქორთუ (kortu, “Georgian”), ქორთო (korto), ქორთოლონა (kortolona, “Georgia”), (ო)ქორთურა ((o)kortura), ოქორთუე (okortue)
- ⇒ Mingrelian: ქორთუ (kortu, “Georgian”), საქორთუო (sakortuo, “Georgia”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Georgian-Zan: *kart-ul- (“Georgian (of non-humans)”)
- Old Georgian: ქართული (kartuli) (see there for further descendants)
- Zan:
- Laz: ქორთული (kortuli)
- Mingrelian: ქორთული (kortuli)
See also
- *egr-
- *s₁wan-
References
- Klimov, G. A. (1998), “*kart(w)-, *kartw-el-, *kart-ul”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 213, considers Svan to be borrowed
- Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000), “*kart-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 486–487, considers Svan to be inherited
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2007), “*kart-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 459, considers Svan to be inherited
- Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003), “*kart-”, in Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, pages 249–250, considers Svan to be inherited; furthermore proposes a relation to the supposed Proto-Kartvelian *kart-a- (“to fence off”), whose descendants are in reality non-native migratory terms also found in Ossetian кӕрт (kært) as well as Uralic languages. See the Ossetian term for more.
- Čuxua, Merab (2009), “Damaṭebiti masalebi saertokartveluri puʒe-enis leksiḳuri pondisatvis [The Additional Materials for the Commonkartvelian Proto-language Lexical Fund]”, in Kartvelur enata sṭrukṭuris saḳitxebi (in Georgian), issue 10, Tbilisi: Universali, page 234 of 227–250, considers Svan to be inherited
- Kiria, Č̣abuḳi; Ezugbaia, Lali; Memišiši, Omar; Čuxua, Merab (2015) Lazur-megruli gramaṭiḳa [Laz–Mingrelian Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Gamomcemloba Meridiani, page 847