< Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian
Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/grc̣q̇il-
Proto-Kartvelian
Reconstruction
Georgian and Zan match each other regularly.
Svan, undoubtedly related here, undergoes an obscure ზ ← *გრ (z ← *gr) transformation which Fähnrich-Sarǯvelaʒe attempt to explain like this:
- *გიწყილ- ← *გ(რ)წყილ- (*gic̣q̇il- ← *g(r)c̣q̇il-)
- *გიწყ- ← *გიწყიუ̂- ← *გიწყილ- (*gic̣q̇- ← *gic̣q̇iû- ← *gic̣q̇il-)
- the transformation of word-final *ლ (*l) into უ̂ (û) is regular, as is the occasional loss of word-final უ̂ (û) itself
- *გისყ- ← *გიწყ- (*gisq̇- ← *gic̣q̇-), for deaffrication of წ (c̣) in a წყ (c̣q̇) consonant cluster compare:
- ბა̈სყ (bäsq̇) ← Proto-Kartvelian *marc̣q̇w- (“strawberry”)
- ლი-სყ-ი (li-sq̇-i) ← Proto-Kartvelian *c̣q̇(w)- (“to arrange”)
- *ჯისყ- ← *გისყ- (*ǯisq̇- ← *gisq̇-), for affrication of ჯ ← *გ (ǯ ← *g) compare:
- ლი-ჯიშ (li-ǯiš) ← Proto-Kartvelian *gwas₁- (“to weave”)
- ლი-ჯა̈ბ (li-ǯäb) ← Proto-Kartvelian *gab- (“to cook”)
- ზჷსყ ~ ზისყ ← *ჯისყ- (zəsq̇ ~ zisq̇ ← *ǯisq̇-)
Noun
*g(r)c̣q̇il- / *grc̣q̇-il-
- flea
Descendants
- Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Old Georgian: გრწყილი (grc̣q̇ili)
- Georgian: რწყილი (rc̣q̇ili), გირწყილი (girc̣q̇ili)
- Zan:
- Laz: მწკირი (mc̣ḳiri), მწკიი (mc̣ḳii), მწირი (mc̣iri)
- Mingrelian: წყირი (c̣q̇iri), წყჷრი (c̣q̇əri)
- Old Georgian: გრწყილი (grc̣q̇ili)
- Svan: ზჷსყ (zəsq̇), ზისყ (zisq̇)
References
- Климов, Г. А. (1964), “*grc̣q̇il-”, in Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 6
- Fähnrich, Heinz; Sardshweladse, Surab (1995), “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch der Kartwel-Sprachen (Handbuch der Orientalistik; I.29) (in German), Leiden, New York, Köln: Brill, page 91–92
- Klimov, G. A. (1998), “*grc̣q̇-il-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 33
- Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000), “*g(r)c̣q̇il-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 151–152
- Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 113–114
Further reading
- Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳon [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, page 129
- Nikolayev, S. L.; Starostin, S. A. (1994), “*għV̆rc̣V”, in A North Caucasian Etymological Dictionary, Moscow: Asterisk Publishers, compared to Proto-Kartvelian root
- Čuxua, Merab (2007), “*girc̣q̇-”, in Iberiul-ičkeriul enata šedarebiti gramaṭiḳa [Ibero-Ichkerian Comparative Grammar] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 309, proposes a slightly simplified archetype which still however has to undergo ზ ← *გ (z ← *g) transformation in Svan; further compares Chechen гирз (girz, “scabies, itch”), Ingush гирз (girz, “id.”)
- Čuxua, Merab (2019), “*girc̣q̇-”, in Manana Mač̣avariani, Manana Buḳia, editors, Georgian–Circassian–Apkhazian Etymological Dictionary (expanded edition), Tbilisi: Tbilisi State University Press, page 148, compares Adyghe чачӏа (čāč̣ā, “nit (louse)”), Kabardian чачӏа (čāčʾā, “id”), Abkhaz а-каҵа́ (a-ḳac̣á, “bedbug”), Abaza каҵа (kaҵa, “id.”)