Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/c₁xar-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

*c₁xra- (Klimov)[1]

Etymology

According to Marr and Klimov, possibly borrowed from a Semitic source, compare: Proto-Semitic *tišʿ-.[2][3] Though unlike the preceding entries, Klimov didn't include the comparison in his dictionary.

Numeral

**Proto-Kartvelian cardinal numbers**
< 8	9	10 >
Cardinal : *c₁xar-

*c₁xar- (Fähnrich–Sarǯvelaʒe)[4][5]

nine

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Old Georgian: ცხრაჲ (cxray)
  - Georgian: ცხრა (cxra)
- Zan:
  - Laz: ჩხორო (čxoro)
  - Mingrelian: ჩხორო (čxoro)
Svan: ჩხარა (čxara)

References

Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 276–277
Марр, Н. (1925) Грамматика древнелитературного грузинского языка [A grammar of literary Old Georgian] (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 12)‎ (in Russian), Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 74, 77
Климов, Г. А. (1967), “Заимствованные числительные в общекартвельском? [Borrowed numerals in Common Kartvelian?]”, in Этимология‎ (in Russian), issue 1965, Moscow, page 309 of 307–310
Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, page 604
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 583–584