Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/c̣wel-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Noun

*c̣wel-

dry stem, chaff, stem, stalk

Descendants

Proto-Georgian-Zan:
- Old Georgian: წუელი (c̣ueli)
- Zan:
  - ⇒ Laz: წუ (c̣u, “stalk, chaff, bran”), ოწვალე (oc̣vale, “barn (for chaff, bran)”)
  - Mingrelian: წუ (c̣u, “stalk, chaff, bran”)
- →? Old Armenian: ծիլ (cil), ծիղ (cił), ծիւղ (ciwł) (see there for further descendants)
Svan: წუ̂ი (c̣ûi)

References

Климов, Г. А. (1964) Этимологический словарь картвельских языков [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Academy Press, page 243, correctly translates Laz ოწვალე (oc̣vale) as Russian мякинник (mjakinnik)
Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 294–295, incorrectly translates Laz ოწვალე (oc̣vale) as English chaff
Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc; Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 640–641
Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 622–623
Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni [The Kartvelian Comparative Dictionary] (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, pages 367, further connects with irregular Mingrelian ჭვალი (č̣vali, “id.”), ჭოლი (č̣oli)