< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/ezom
 | This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.Perfect indicatives from Proto-Indo-European *bʰúHt (“to become”), from *bʰuH-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈe.zom/
Verb
*ezom or *som[1]
- I am
Conjugation
| Inflection of *ezom (irregular, athematic) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *som / *ezom | |
| Perfect | *fūai | |
| Past participle | — | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *som / *ezom | — |
| 2nd sing. | *es | — |
| 3rd sing. | *est | — |
| 1st plur. | *(e?)somos | — |
| 2nd plur. | *(e?)stes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *sent | — |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *ezom | — |
| 2nd sing. | *ezes | — |
| 3rd sing. | *ezed | — |
| 1st plur. | *ezomos | — |
| 2nd plur. | *ezetes | — |
| 3rd plur. | *ezend | — |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | *fūai | |
| 2nd sing. | *fūistai | |
| 3rd sing. | *fūe(d) | |
| 1st plur. | *fūomos | |
| 2nd plur. | *fūistes | |
| 3rd plur. | *fūēri | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *es | — |
| 2nd plur. | *este | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *estōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *sēnts | — | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| — | *essi | |
Descendants
- Faliscan: 𐌄𐌔𐌞 (esú), 𐌄𐌔𐌞𐌌 (esúm)
- Old Latin: esom, som
- Latin: sum (Varro notes also esum) (see there for further descendants)
- Oscan: 𐌔𐌞𐌌 (súm)
- South Picene: 𐌄𐌔·𐌌 (esom)
- Umbrian: 𐌄𐌔𐌖 (esu)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN