Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čaθwā́rah

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/čaθwā́rah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers

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Cardinal : *čaθwā́rah

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *čatwā́ras.

Numeral

*čaθwā́rah m pl (feminine plural *čátasrah, neuter plural *čaθwā́r)[1]

1. four

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬀𐬭‎ (caθβar), 𐬗𐬀𐬚𐬡𐬁𐬭𐬋‎ (caθβārō, nom.sg.)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Scythian: *caθwā́ri
    • Ossetic: *cauθwā́rɨ
      • Old Ossetic: *čuppar
        • Ossetian:

          Digor: цуппар (cuppar)

          Iron: цыппар (cyppar)

    • Saka-Wakhi: *caθβā́ri
      • Saka: *tsahári
        • Old Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁅𑀭 (tcahaura)
          • Late Khotanese: 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑀳𑁄𑀭 (tcahora), 𑀢𑁆𑀘𑁅𑀭 (tcaura)
        • Tumshuqese: 𑀢𑁆𑀲𑀳𑀭𑀺 (tsahari)
      • Wakhi: cəbы́r
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: σοφαρο (sofaro)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (cfʾr)
    • Sogdic: [Term?]
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (čatfār)
      • Yagnobi: тафор (tafór)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: ښری‎ (ṣ̌rī)
    • Parachi: čōr
  • Pashto: څلور‎ (śalór)
  • Shughni: cavōr
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: چار‎ (cár)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: çar

    Central Kurdish: چوار‎ (çwar), چار‎ (çar)

  • Medo-Parthian: [Term?]
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean: 𐫝𐫜𐫀𐫡‎ (cfʾr /čafār/)

    • Zazaki: [Term?] (çehar)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian: (/čahār/)}

    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ALBA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (chʾl)

    • Classical Persian: چهار‎ (čahâr)
      • Dari: چهار‎ (čahâr)
      • Iranian Persian: چهار‎ (čahâr)
      • Tajik: чор (čor), чаҳор (čahor)

References

1. Cheung, Johnny (2011) Selected Pashto Problems II. Historical Phonology 1: On Vocalism and Etyma (Iran and the Caucasus)‎, volume 15, Brill Academic Publishers, page 177