Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšáfš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps.

Noun

*xšáfš f

night

Derived terms

*xšápīkah (“of night; night shirt”)
- Kurdish:
  Southern Kurdish: شەۊ‎ (şeẅ, “shirt”)
- Middle Persian: (“undershirt”)
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špyk' /šabīg/)
  - Classical Persian: شبی‎ (šabī, “nightshirt”)
  - → Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: şepik (šapīk)
  - → Old Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shrit”)
    - Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shirt”)
      - → Kurdish:
        Northern Kurdish: şapik (šāpīk)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞‎ (xṣ̌ap)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Scythian: *xšápā
  - Saka-Wakhi: [Term?]
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣṣavā)
    - Wakhi: šāp
  - ⇒ Scythian: *āxšápā (+ *ā-)
    - Ossetic: *axsáva
      - Old Ossetic: *æxsævæ
        Ossetian: (“tonight”)
        Digor: ӕхсӕв (æxsæv)
        Iron: ӕхсӕвӕ (æxsævæ)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: χαβ (xab /xav/)
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾰𐾹𐾺𐾲‎ (ʾxyβ), 𐾹𐾲‎ (xβ)
  - Sogdic: *xšápā
    - Sogdian: (/ᵊxšəpá/)
      Manichaean: 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀‎ (ʾxšpʾ), 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀𐫍‎ (ʾxšpʾh), 𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀‎ (xšpʾ)
      Sogdian: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼾𐼳‎ (ʾɣšph)
      Old Sogdian: 𐼀𐼄𐼙𐼔𐼆‎ (ʾɣšph)
      Syriac: [Syriac needed] (xšpʾ)
    - Yagnobi: хишап (xⁱšáp)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri:
  Kaniguram: [script needed] (x̌o)
  Logar: [script needed] (šyo), [script needed] (šyu)
- Pathan: *špa
  - Pashto: شپه‎‎ (špa)
  - Waneci: شپه‎‎ (špa)
- Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *xšǣ́bǣ
  - Munji-Yidgha: [Term?]
    - Munji: خشوه (xšava)
    - Yidgha: خشوو‎ (xᵊšovo, xᵊšōvo)
  - Shughni-Yazghulami: *ṣ̌ǣ́b
    - Shughni-Roshani: *x̌œ̄́b
      - Sarikoli: x̌ob
      - Shughni: x̌āb
    - Yazghulami: šāb

Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: شپ‎ (šap)
- Kurdish: f
  Central Kurdish: شه‌و‎ (šaw)
  Northern Kurdish: şev (šav)
  Southern Kurdish: شه‌و‎ (šaw)
  Laki: شو‎ (šiw)
- Medo-Parthian: *xšápā
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: شب‎ (šəb)
    - Old Mazanderani: شو‎ (šaw ~ šu)
      - Mazanderani: شو‎ (šo)
  - Old Median: *xšápā
    - Middle Median: *šáb
      - Kermanic:
        Abyanehi, Abuzeydabadi, Mahallati, Naraqi, Qalhari, Qohrudi: sōw
        Badrudi, Farizandi, Hanjani: sou
        Kashani, Kesehi: šev
        Kashani: šau
        Jowshaqani, Komjani, Tarehi, Yarandi: sāv
        Meymehi: sō
      - Tatic: [Term?]
        Old Azari: شو‎ (šaw)
        Harzani: شو (šav)
        Karingani: شو (šav)
        Talysh: (/šav/)
        Arabic: شو‎
        Latin: şəv
  - Parthian: (/šab/)
    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫁‎ (šb)
  - Zaza-Gorani: [Term?]
    - Gurani: شه‌وه‌‎ (šawa)
    - Zazaki: şewe (šawa)

Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi:
  Bandari: [script needed] (šü)
- Kumzari: [script needed] (šō)
- Lari: [script needed] (šow)
- Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (x-š-p /xšap/)
  - Middle Persian: (/šab/)
    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫁‎ (šb)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šp)
    Psalter Pahlavi: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA)
    Pazend: 𐬱𐬀𐬬‎ (šav)
    - Classical Persian: شب‎ (šab)
      Dari: شب‎ (šab)
      Iranian Persian: شب‎ (šab)
      Tajik: шаб (šab)
      Tat: [script needed] (šøÿ)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: شأو‎ (šaw)
      Bakhtiari: شو‎ (šaw)
      Southern Luri: شو‎ (šow)