Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwáypati

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšwáypati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšwáypati, from *kswéyp-e-ti, from *ksweybʰ- ~ *ksweyp- (“to move swiftly, swing, whip”).[1]

Verb

*xšwáypati[2]

1. to vibrate, tremble, shake
2. to whip, lash

Derived terms

• *fraxšwáypati
  • Wakhi: rәšъíp, rәšíp (“to whip”)

Descendants

• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Yagnobi: žívta (“to whip”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Gurani: [script needed] (šewiāy)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: šēwā, -šēw- (“to be excited”)

  • Parthian:

    Parthian: 𐫀𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫤‎ (ʾʾšyft), 𐫀𐫢𐫏𐫜𐫎‎ (ʾšyfṯ /āšift/, “to trouble, vex”, pp.)

• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Middle Persian:

    Manichaean: 𐫢𐫏𐫁𐫏𐫗𐫏𐫅‎ (šybynyd /šēb-/, “to move quickly, to be stirred up, to be confused”)

    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ˣšypynd /šēbēnd/, “to be mixed, stirred up”, 3pl.pres.)

    • Persian: [script needed] (šēbīdan), [script needed] (šīwīdan, “to be mixed; to mix; to tremble, shake”)

References

1. Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project)‎, Leiden University
2. Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*xšwáyp/b”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 459