Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/wicápuθrah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *wícš (“household”) +‎ *puθráh (“son”).

Noun

*wicápuθrah[1]

prince

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*wicápuθrah	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrā
vocative	*wicápuθra	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrā
accusative	*wicápuθram	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθrānh
instrumental	*wicápuθrā	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθrāyš
ablative	*wicápuθrāt	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθraybyah
dative	*wicápuθrāy	*wicápuθraybyaH	*wicápuθraybyah
genitive	*wicápuθrahya	*wicápuθrayāh	*wicápuθrānam
locative	*wicápuθray	*wicápuθrayaw	*wicápuθrayšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬋𐬞𐬎𐬚𐬭𐬀‎ (vīsōpuθra)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (basīvaraa, gen.sg.)
- → Tocharian B: *gusápuhra[2]
  - Sanskrit: गौशुर (gauśura) (Kučā)
    - Burushaski: [Term?] (guśpúr)[3]
    - Gandhari: [script needed] (guśurakehi)
    - Kroränian: [Term?] (guśura)
    - Shina: [script needed] (gušpūr)
    - → Tibetan: [script needed] (gau-śa-ra)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Northern Kurdish: bispor, pispor, pisporr (“specialist”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *wisápuθrəh
  - Old Median: *wisápuθrəh[4][5]
    - → Demotic: wyspwṱr[5]
    - → Classical Syriac: ܘܣܦܪܐ‎ (wsprʾ, “nobles”)[6]
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡‎ (wyspwhr /wispuhr/)
    - → Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wʾspwhl /wāspuhr/)[7] (vr̥ddhi derivation)
      Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫛𐫇𐫍𐫡‎ (wyspwhr /wispuhr/)
      - → Old Armenian: վասպուրական (vaspurakan), Վասպուրական (Vaspurakan)
  - → Old Armenian: սեպուհ (sepuh)
    - → Old Georgian: სეფე (sepe)
  - → Elamite: 𒈪𒅖𒃻𒁍𒅖𒊏 (mi-iš-šá-pu-iš-ra), 𒈪𒅖𒃻𒁍𒌓𒊏 (mi-iš-šá-pu-ut-ra)[5][4] [506 — 497 BCE, Persepolis Fortification]
  - → Old Georgian: საზეპურო (sazeṗuro)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *viθapuçaʰ[4]
  - → Elamite: 𒈪𒊓𒁍𒅖𒃻 (mi-sa-pu-iš-šá), 𒈪𒊓𒁍𒃻𒅖𒁁 (mi-sa-pu-šá-iš-be, pl.)[5] [506 — 497 BCE, Persepolis Fortification]
  - → Sogdian:
    Buddhist: [script needed] (wyspyδrʾk)
    Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫢𐫛𐫢𐫏‎ (wyšpšy)

References

Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “vāspuhr”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 205
Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, issue 3, page 430
Hermann Berger (1990), “BURUSHASKI”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition‎, New York
Hinz, Walther (1975), “*visapuθra-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz
Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 436
Claudia A. Ciancaglini, Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2008) ܘܣܦܪܐ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Mar. 06, 2018].
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “վասպուրական”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 310b

[1] Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “vāspuhr”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 205

[2] Tremblay, Xavier (2005), “Irano-Tocharica et Tocharo-Iranica”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies‎, volume 68, issue 3, page 430

[3] Hermann Berger (1990), “BURUSHASKI”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition‎, New York

[Hinz-4] Hinz, Walther (1975), “*visapuθra-”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[Tavernier-5] Tavernier, Jan (2007) Iranica in the Achaemenid Period (ca. 550–330 B.C.): Lexicon of Old Iranian Proper Names and Loanwords, Attested in Non-Iranian Texts, Peeters Publishers, →ISBN, page 436

[6] Claudia A. Ciancaglini, Iranian Loanwords in Syriac (Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, 2008) ܘܣܦܪܐ [from sedra.bethmardutho.org, accessed on Mar. 06, 2018].

[7] Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “վասպուրական”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 310b