Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/tr̥fšah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative forms

*tr̥špah (metathesized)[1][2]

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-Iranian *tr̥psas, from Proto-Indo-European *terp- (“to congeal; to curdle”), whence Lithuanian tirpstù, tir̃pti (“to coagulate, stiffen”), Latin torpeō (“to be stiff”), perhaps Proto-Germanic *þerbaz (“unleavened”).

Adjective

*tr̥fšah[2][3][4][5]

sour, acidic

Related terms

*tr̥práh (“buttermilk, whey”)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Wakhi: trəṣ̌p
- Yagnobi: тишпа (tíšpa)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *təršp
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha: *təršp
    - Munji: [script needed] (tᵊrəšpá)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (trišp)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *tux̌p
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *tux̌p
      - Sarikoli: tыx̌p, tůx̌p
      - Shughni:
        Bartangi, Khughni, Khufi, Roshani: tux̌p m, tax̌p f
    - Yazghulami: tax̌p
- >? Ormuri: [script needed] (tōf)[6]
- >? Pashto: تریو‎ m (tríw), [script needed] (tərwa), [script needed] f (trawa, “sour; buttermilk”) (or < *tiwráh, cf. Sanskrit तीव्र (tīvrá, “strong, sharp, heavy, pungent”)[7])
  - →? Waneci: [script needed] (tərəw)[7][6]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: ترشپ‎ (trušp)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫎𐫡𐫏𐫜𐫢‎ (ṯryfš /trifš/)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: tirş
  Central Kurdish: تِرش‎ (tirş)
- Gilaki: ترش‎ (turš)
- Mazanderani: ترش‎ (terš)
- Zazaki: tirş
Southwestern Iranian:
- Northern Luri: تؤرش‎ (torš)
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (trwš /truš/), [Book Pahlavi needed] (trwpš /trufš/)
  - Classical Persian: ترش‎ (tur(u)š)
    Dari: ترش‎ (tur(u)š)
    Iranian Persian: ترش‎ (tor(o)š)
    Tajik: турш (turš), туруш (turuš)
    - → Pashto: تروش‎ (trúš), ترش‎ (tróš)
    - → Waneci: [script needed] (trūž)[8]
    - → Ishkashimi: [script needed] (trəš), [script needed] (tᵊrüš), [script needed] (tᵊruš), [script needed] (truš)[9]
    - → Sanglechi: [script needed] (tɛrəṣ̌)[9]
→? Russian: терпкий (terpkij)[10]

References

Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “trəṣ̌p”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 360
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 67
Henning, W. (1937), “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 608178, page 88
Asatrian, Garnik S. (2011), “tār²”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian and English), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 387
Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “triw”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
Morgenstierne, Georg (1973), “Chapter 11: Supplementary notes on Ormuri”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “trix”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “trix”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “tɛ'rəṣ̌”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 416
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “trɪšp”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 256

[ESVJa-1] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “trəṣ̌p”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 360

[IIFL-2] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 67

[3] Henning, W. (1937), “A List of Middle-Persian and Parthian Words”, in Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London‎, volume 9, issue 1, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 608178, page 88

[4] Asatrian, Garnik S. (2011), “tār²”, in A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects (in Persian and English), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 387

[5] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “triw”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[ID-6] Morgenstierne, Georg (1973), “Chapter 11: Supplementary notes on Ormuri”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[NEVP-7] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “trix”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[8] Morgenstierne, Georg (2003), “trix”, in Elfenbein, J.; MacKenzie, D. N.; Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editors, A New Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Beitrage Zur Iranistik; 23), Weisbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert, →ISBN

[IIFL_tɛrəṣ̌-9] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “tɛ'rəṣ̌”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 416

[10] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938), “trɪšp”, in Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 256