Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mádu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Noun

*mádu n[1]

honey
wine

Derived terms

*mādawyaH (possibly)[2][3]
- Pashto:
  Waziri: مېلوه‎ (melawá), ملوه‎ (malwá, “vine, grape”)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎‎ (maδu, “wine”)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *máδu
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (mau, “intoxicent drink”)
  - Old Ossetic: *mud[4]
    - Ossetian: (“honey”)
      Digor: муд (mud)
      Iron: мыд (myd)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: μολο (molo /mol, mul/, “wine”)
  - Sogdian: (“wine”)
    Manichaean: 𐫖𐫔𐫇‎ (mδw /maδu/)
    Sogdian: 𐼺𐼹𐼴‎ (mδw /maδu/), 𐼺𐼴𐼹‎ (mwδ /muδ/), [script needed] (ΓʾMRH)
    Old Sogdian: 𐼍𐼌𐼇‎ (mδw /maδu/)
    Syriac: ܡܕܘ‎ (mdw)
    - → Classical Persian: مل‎ (mul, “wine”) (reborrowing[5][3])
    - ⇒ Sogdian:
      Sogdian: 𐼺𐼹𐼰𐼸‎ (mδʾk /maδē/)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: mot, motî, motik (“molasses”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫖𐫏‎ (my /may/)
    Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭇𐭌𐭓‎ (ḤMR /maδ/)
  - Proto-Tatic:
    - Talysh: (/mad/, “wine”)
      Arabic: مد‎
      Latin: məd
    - Old Tati: *maδ, *mad (“syrup; wine”)[6]
      - Harzani: مت (mat, “thick syrup; molasses”)
      - Karingani: مات (māt, “syrup”)
      - ⇒? Old Tati: *maδāw (“grape syrup-water”) (+ *āw (“water”))[6]
        → Azerbaijani: مذو‎ (maδow, “grape syrup with water”) (Urmia dialect)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *madu[7]
  - Middle Persian: (/may/, “wine”)
    Manichaean: 𐫖𐫏‎ (my)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (HS), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mdy)
    Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭧𐭮‎ (HS)
    - Classical Persian: می‎ (may, “wine”)
      - Dari: می‎ (may)
      - Iranian Persian: می‎ (mey)
      - Tajik: май (may)
      - → Azerbaijani:
        Arabic: مئی‎ (mey)
        Latin: mey
      - Kurdish:
        → Central Kurdish: مەی‎ (mey)
        → Northern Kurdish: mey
      - → Pashto: می‎ (may)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: می‎ (may),
        Turkish: mey
      - → Urdu: مے‎ (mai)
      - → Uzbek: may

References

Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460
Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, page 44
Bailey, H. W. (1979), “mau”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 340
Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, DOI:10.1515/9783110192858.1.47, ISSN 0019-7262, page 48
Gharib, B. (1995), “Proto-Iranian/mádu”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page xxxv
Zakâ, Yahyâ (2018) Jastâr-hâ'i darbâre-ye zabân-e mardom-e Âzarbâyjân [Essays on the language of the Azerbaijani people] (Majmu'ah-i intešârât adabi va târixi, mawqufât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr Yazdi; 64), Tehran: Intishârât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr, →ISBN, page 154
Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 54

[1] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460

[2] Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, page 44

[Bailey-3] Bailey, H. W. (1979), “mau”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 340

[4] Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, DOI:10.1515/9783110192858.1.47, ISSN 0019-7262, page 48

[5] Gharib, B. (1995), “Proto-Iranian/mádu”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page xxxv

[Zaka-6] Zakâ, Yahyâ (2018) Jastâr-hâ'i darbâre-ye zabân-e mardom-e Âzarbâyjân [Essays on the language of the Azerbaijani people] (Majmu'ah-i intešârât adabi va târixi, mawqufât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr Yazdi; 64), Tehran: Intishârât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr, →ISBN, page 154

[7] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 54