Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jāráyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Secondary causative of *járati.[1][2]

Verb

*jāráyati

to be angered, vexed
to be tormented, pained

Derived terms

*aHjāráyati
*jārah
- Baluchi: زار‎ (zâr, “anger”)
- Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
  Manichaean: 𐫉𐫀𐫡‎ (zʾr /zār/)
  - → Middle Persian: *zār
    - Persian: زار‎ (zâr, “lamentation”)
      - → Armenian: զար (zar), զառ (zaṙ)
      - → Azerbaijani: zar
      - → Georgian: ზარი (zari)
- Pashto: زور‎ (zawër, “grief, concern, anxiety”)
*upajāráyati
- Khotanese: [script needed] (pzʾr-, “to blame, rebuke”)
- Sogdian:
  Old Sogdian: [Old Sogdian needed] (ʾpzʾrnʾt /āzērd/, 3sg.subj.pres.)
*wijāráyati
- Middle Persian: (/widārdēd, wiyārdēd/, “to suffer, endure”) (restored -d-?)
  Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫅‎ (wydʾryd)
  - → Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫍‎ (wydʾryh /widārdēd/, 2sg.pres.), 𐫇𐫅𐫀𐫡𐫏𐫗𐫅‎ (wdʾrynd /widārēnd/, 3pl.pres.)

Descendants

Parthian: *zārdēd
- → Middle Persian: *zārdēd
  - Persian: زاریدن‎‎ (zâridan)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*zarH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469