Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/járati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰárati.[1]

Verb

*járati ~ *gr̥mánti / *jr̥ntáy ~ *gr̥matáy[2]

(transitive) to vex, torment
(intransitive) to be angry, upset

Derived terms

*jartáh
*járyakah, *járīkah[3]
- Parthian: (/zarīg/, “sorrow, suffering”)
  Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (zryg), 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫞‎ (zryq)
  - → Middle Persian: (/zarīg/, “sorrow, suffering”)
    Manichaean: 𐫉𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (zryg)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zlyk)
- Middle Persian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
  Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫄‎ (dryɣ /darīğ/)
  - → Parthian: (“sorrow, suffering”)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫡𐫏𐫃‎ (dryg /darīg/)

*jāráyati
*jr̥núš
*jr̥yáti (secondary imperfective)
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *aHjr̥yáti
- ⇒ Proto-Iranian: *patijr̥yáti
  - Sogdian:
    Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ptzyrtq /patzēr-/, 3sg.dur.pres.), [Syriac needed] (ptyzyr:nt /patīzir-/, “to torment, afflict”, 3pl.opt.impf.)
*patijárati
- Sogdian:
  Syriac: [Syriac needed] (ptzrtq /patzar-/, 3sg.dur.pres.)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: (“to be angry”)
  Old Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬉𐬨𐬁‎ (zaranaēmā, 1pl.pres.opt.)
  Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬌𐬨𐬀‎ (zaranima, 1pl.pres.opt.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬀𐬵𐬈‎ (graṇtahe, 2sg.pres.med.), 𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬧𐬙𐬋‎ (graṇtō, nom.sg.)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: زورل‎ (zorël, “to vex, torture”)

References

Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “HAR¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 805: “*zarańiia°”
Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 32: “NWOIr. *zarika-”

[LIV_gheRH-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*?*g̑ʰeRH-¹”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 178

[2] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “HAR¹”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 805: “*zarańiia°”

[3] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 32: “NWOIr. *zarika-”