Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/húHarnah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*fárnah[1][2]

Etymology

Likely from *húHar (“the sun”) +‎ *-nah, compare cognate Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHarwāns (“sunny; glory, fortune”).[3] Alternatively from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párHnas with unexplained fricatization, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁-nos, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).[2]

Noun

*húHarnah n[4][3]

glory
fortune

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*húHarnah	*húHarnā	*húHarnā
vocative	*húHarna	*húHarnā	*húHarnā
accusative	*húHarnam	*húHarnā	*húHarnānh
instrumental	*húHarnā	*húHarnaybyaH	*húHarnāyš
ablative	*húHarnāt	*húHarnaybyaH	*húHarnaybyah
dative	*húHarnāy	*húHarnaybyaH	*húHarnaybyah
genitive	*húHarnahya	*húHarnayāh	*húHarnānam
locative	*húHarnay	*húHarnayaw	*húHarnayšu

Derived terms

*huHarnahwā́h

Descendants

Eastern Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵‎ n (xᵛar^ənah), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋‎ (xᵛar^ənō, nom.-acc.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀‎ (xᵛar^ənaŋha, intr.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬋‎ (xᵛar^ənaŋhō, gen.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈‎ (xᵛar^ənaŋhe, dat.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬃‎ (xᵛar^ənā̊, nom.-acc.pl.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- →? Proto-Slavic: *xvala
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median: *farnah[5]
  - → Old Persian: *farnah
    - Middle Persian: (< gen.sg. *farnahaʰ)
      Manichaean: 𐫛𐫡𐫍‎ (prh /farrah/)
      - Classical Persian: فره‎ (farrah)
        Dari: فر‎ (farr)
        Iranian Persian: فر‎ (far(r))
        Tajik: фарр (farr)
      - → Arabic: فَخْر‎ (faḵr)
      - → Old Armenian: փառք (pʿaṙkʿ)
      - → Bactrian: φαρο (faro), φαρρο (farro)
      - → Parthian:[6]
        Manichaean: 𐫛𐫡𐫍‎ (prh /farrah/)
  - → Proto-Scythian: *fārnā
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (phārra)
    - Proto-Ossetic: *fārna
      - Old Ossetic: *farnæ
        Ossetian:
        Digor: фарнӕ (farnæ)
        Iron: фарн (farn)
  - → Sogdian: (/farn/)
    Manichaean: 𐫜𐫡𐫗‎ (frn)
    Old Sogdian: 𐼔𐼘𐼏‎ (prn)
    Syriac: [Syriac needed] (fn)
- Parthian: (/farnah ~ farrah/)
  Inscriptional Parthian: 𐭂𐭃𐭄‎ (GDE)
  Manichaean: 𐫛𐫡𐫍‎ (prh)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/xwarrah/) (or borrowed from Avestan[5])
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (GDE)
  Inscriptional Pahlavi: 𐭢𐭣𐭤‎ (GDE)
  Pazend: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬭𐬀‎ (xᵛarra)
  - Classical Persian: خوره‎ (x^warrah), خره‎ (xurrah)
    Dari: خوره‎ (xurrah)
    Iranian Persian: خوره‎ (xorra(h) ~ xorre(h))
    Tajik: хурраҳ (xurrah)

References

Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213: “*farna-”
Lubotsky, Alexander (2002), “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, DOI:10.5871/bacad/9780197262856.003.0009
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441
Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”
Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”
Korn, Agnes (2010), “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, issue 3, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 40963323, page 422

[1] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213: “*farna-”

[Lubotsky-2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2002), “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, DOI:10.5871/bacad/9780197262856.003.0009

[ESIJa-3] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441

[4] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”

[Rezai_77a-5] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”

[6] Korn, Agnes (2010), “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, issue 3, Cambridge University Press, JSTOR 40963323, page 422