Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háwHmah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas.

Noun

*háwHmah m[1]

haoma plant (Ephedra spp.)
haoma plant extract, parahaoma
plant hypostasic divinity of the haoma plant, Haoma

Related terms

*háwHmā m[2]
- Munji: [script needed] (yūmana)
- Pashto: اومان‎ (umān), ومان‎ (vumā́n)
- Semnani: [script needed] (umān), [script needed] (wumān)
- Shughni: amōǰak (“ephedra, conifer”)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀‎ (haoma)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Scythian: [Term?]
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ɣwm)
    - → Persian: خوم‎ (xwm)
    - → Tajik:
      Zarafshani: хума (xuma), хома (xoma)
  - Wakhi: yimыk, imыk
  - → Old Persian: 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥 (h-u-m-v-r-g /haumavargaʰ/, “Scythian tribe name”, literally “haoma-laying”) (perhaps)
    - → Akkadian: 𒅇𒈬𒌨𒂵 (ú-mu-ur-ga /umūrga/)
    - → Elamite: 𒌋𒈬𒈥𒋡 (u-mu-mar-qa /umumarqa/)
    - → Ancient Greek: Ἀμύγιοι (Amúgioi)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اومه‎ (umə́)
- Munji: [script needed] (yūmə́ɣə), [script needed] (yūmə́gə, “flax”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: [script needed] (hom), [script needed] (ōma), هومک‎ (hómmuk)
- Semnani: [script needed] (ama), [script needed] (omə)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwm /hōm/)
  - Classical Persian: هوم‎ (hōm)
    - Iranian Persian: هوم‎ (howm, “ephedra; syrup made from ephedra”)

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*²hau- : hu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 378-380
Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “yimыk, imыk”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 424-435

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*²hau- : hu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 378-380

[2] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999), “yimыk, imыk”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 424-435