Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hárdah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hárdʰas.

Noun

*Hárdah m[1][2]

half, side
place

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hárdah	*Hárdā	*Hárdā
vocative	*Hárda	*Hárdā	*Hárdā
accusative	*Hárdam	*Hárdā	*Hárdānh
instrumental	*Hárdā	*HárdaybyaH	*Hárdāyš
ablative	*Hárdāt	*HárdaybyaH	*Hárdaybyah
dative	*Hárdāy	*HárdaybyaH	*Hárdaybyah
genitive	*Hárdahya	*Hárdayāh	*Hárdānam
locative	*Hárday	*Hárdayaw	*Hárdayšu

Related terms

*Hárdaxš

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀‎ (ar^əδa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *árdi
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (hala)
    - ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (hālai)
  - Ossetian: ӕрдӕг (ærdæg)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: αρλο (arlo)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾrd)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ʾrδ /arδ/)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Kermanic:
  Qohrudi: āl
- Sivandi: [script needed] (al)

References

Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*arda-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216-218
Loma, Aleksandar (2002), “Aus der skythisch-sakischen Lehnwortforschung”, in Stachowski, Marek, editor, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, volume 7, Kraków: University of Kraków

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*arda-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 216-218

[2] Loma, Aleksandar (2002), “Aus der skythisch-sakischen Lehnwortforschung”, in Stachowski, Marek, editor, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia, volume 7, Kraków: University of Kraków