< Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian
Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácmā
 | This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Iranian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćmā.mid
Noun
*Hácmā m
- sky, heaven
Descendants
- Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬨𐬀𐬥 (asman)[1]
- Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اسمان m (asmā́n), آسمان (“āsmā́n”)
- Northwestern Iranian:
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ئاسمان (āsmān)
- Northern Kurdish: asman (āsmān), azman (āzmān), esman (asmān),
- Southern Kurdish: ئاسمان (āsmān)
- Laki: ئاسمان (āsmān)
- Old Median: *ásmən
- → Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (asman)
- Middle Persian:
- Book Pahlavi: (ʾsmʾn' /asmān/)[2]
- Classical Persian: آسمان (âsmân)
- Dari: آسمان (ā̊smā̊n)
- Iranian Persian: آسمان (âsemân, âsmân)
- Tajik: осмон (osmon)
- → Talysh: осмон
- → Baluchi: آسمان (ásmán)
- → Gujarati: આસમાન (āsamān)
- → Kermanic:
- Vonishuni: آسمون (ā̊semūn)
- Qohrudi: آسمون (ā̊semūn)
- Kesehi: آسمون (ā̊semūn)
- Zefrehi: آسمو (ā̊smū)
- Kafroni: آسمان (ā̊s(e)mā̊n)
- Meymehi: آسمون (āsɛmūn)
- Soi: آسمون (āsemūn)
- Natanzi: آسمون (ā̊semūn)
- → Hindi: आसमान (āsmān)
- → Punjabi: ਆਸਮਾਨ (āsmān)
- → Rajasthani: असमाण
- → Sindhi: آسمان (āsmān)
- → Sivandi: āsemān
- → Urdu: آسمان (āsmān)
- Middle Persian:
- → Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎶𐎴 (asman)
- Zaza-Gurani:
- Gurani: ئاسمان (āsmān)
- Zazaki: azmên (āzmēn)
- Kurdish:
References
- Martínez García, Javier; de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1), Brill, →ISBN
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press