Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HwiHcati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *HwiHćati.

Numeral

*HwiHcati[1][2]

twenty

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬬𐬍𐬯𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌‎ (vīsaiti)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Scythian: [Term?]
  - Old Ossetic: *insæǰ[3], *insædʸ[4]
    Sarmatian: Ἰνσάζ
    - Ossetian:
      Digor: инсӕй (insæj)
      Iron: ссӕ́дз (ssǽʒ)
  - Saka-Wakhi: *wisatä
    - Saka: [Term?]
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (bistä)
      - Tumshuqese: [script needed] (bista)
    - Wakhi: wist
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: οιστο (oisto /wī̆st/)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʼwsy̆c /əws(e)ʒ/, /ūs(e)ʒ/)
  - Sogdic: [Term?]
    - Sogdian:
      Christian: [script needed] (wysṯ /wī́st/)
    - Yagnobi: bī̆st
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pamir:
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (wišt)
  - Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Sarikoli: [script needed] (vist)
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (wast)
  - Yidgha: [script needed] (wisto)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: بیست‎ (bīst), گیست‎ (gīst)
- Caspian:
  - Mazanderani: [script needed] (bist)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: bîst
  Central Kurdish: بیست‎ (bīst)
  Southern Kurdish: بیس‎ (bīs)
- Old Median: *vīsati
  - Middle Median: *vīst
    - Sivandi: vīs
    - Southern Tati: vist
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤‎ (wyst /wīst/)
- Semnani:
  - Sangisari: vist
- Zaza-Gorani:
  Gurani: ۋیس‎ (ʋīs)
  Zazaki: vîst
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: [script needed] (*wīθati)
  - Middle Persian: (/wīst/)[5]
    Manichaean: 𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤‎ (wyst)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wyst')
    - Classical Persian: بیست‎ (bīst)
      - Iranian Persian: بیست‎ (bist)
      - Tajik: бист (bist)

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170
Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136
Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, DOI:10.1515/9783110192858.1.47, ISSN 0019-7262, page 62
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press

[Novak-1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 170

[2] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 136

[3] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

[4] Kim, Ronald I. (2007), “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎, volume 112, DOI:10.1515/9783110192858.1.47, ISSN 0019-7262, page 62

[5] MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wīst”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press