Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hraštáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hraštás.

Adjective

*Hraštáh[1]

right

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬀‎ (rašta)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Scythian: [Term?]
  - Khotanese: [script needed] (rraṣṭa)
  - Ossetian: раст (rast)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Chorasmian: رشت‎ (ršt /rāšt/)
  - Sogdic: [Term?]
    - Sogdian: (/rəšt,rašt; raštē; raštyāk, rəštyāk/)
      Manichaean: 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫏‎ (rštyy);𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐‎ (rštyʾk), 𐫡𐫢𐫤𐫏𐫀𐫐𐫆‎ (rštyʾkh)
      Sogdian: 𐽀𐽁𐽂‎ (ršt), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼳‎ (ršth), 𐽀𐽂𐽁𐽂𐼳‎ (rtšth); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷‎ (ršty); 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸‎ (rštyʾk), 𐽀𐽁𐽂𐼷𐼰𐼸𐼳‎ (rštyʾkh)
      Syriac: ܪܫܬܝ‎ (ršty); ܪܫܬܝܐܩ‎ (rštyʾq), ܪܝܫܬܝܐܩ‎ (ryštyʾq)
    - Yagnobi: раска (raska, “right(side)”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: رشتيا‎ (rɪštyā́, “true; truth”), رښتيا‎ (rɪṣ̌tyā́)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: راست‎ (rast)
- Kurdish: [script needed] (řāst)
  Central Kurdish: ڕاست‎ (rast)
  Northern Kurdish: rast
  Southern Kurdish: ڕاست‎ (rast)
  Laki: ڕاست‎ (rast)
- Medo-Parthian: *rāštáh
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: راست‎ (rāst)
    - Mazanderani: راست‎ (rāst)
    - Old Gorgani: راست‎ (rāst)
  - Old Median: *rāštáh[2]
    - Old Tati:
      Old Azari: راست‎ (rāst)
      - Harzani: روست (rüst)
      - Karingani: روست (rust)
    - → Elamite: 𒊏𒍩𒆪 (ra-áš-da), 𒊏𒆜𒆪 (ra-iš-da)
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean: 𐫡𐫀𐫢𐫤‎ (rʾšt /řāšt/)
  - Zaza-Gorani: [Term?]
    - Gurani: ڕاس‎ (řās), Gurani: ڕاسە‎ (řāsa)
    - Zazaki: raşt (řāšt), rast (řsst)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Lari: [script needed] (rāss)
- Old Persian: 𐎼𐎠𐎿𐎫 (rāsta)
  - Middle Persian: (/rāst/)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lʾst')
    Manichaean: 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫤‎ (rʾst), 𐫡𐫀𐫘𐫎‎ (rʾsṯ)
    Psalter Pahlavi: 𐮊𐮀𐮍𐮑𐮈‎ (lʾsty)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: راس‎ (rās)
      Bakhtiari: راس‎ (rāss)
      Southern Luri: راس‎ (rāss)
    - Classical Persian: راست‎ (rāst)
      Dari: راست‎ (râst)
      Hazaragi: روس (rōs)
      Iranian Persian: راست‎ (râst)
      Tajik: рост (rost)
      - → Yagnobi: рост (rost)
      - → Kyrgyz: ырас (ıras)
      - → Uzbek: rost

References

Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 209
Hinz, Walther (1975), “*rāšta”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz

[1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 209

[2] Hinz, Walther (1975), “*rāšta”, in Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3) (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz