Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/(h)rabā́š

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(s)rabʰā́ćš ~ *(s)rabʰaćás, from *(s)rabʰ- +‎ *-ā́ćš (animal and plant suffix), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps ~ *(s)rabʰ-és (“turnip, rape”), perhaps borrowed from a substrate language. Alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *srebʰ- (“to slurp”).[1]

Noun

*(h)rabā́š ~ *(h)rabacáh m[2]

rhubarb
fennel

Related terms

*(h)rábnah (< *(s)rábʰnas)
- Yagnobi: рена (réna), ренна (rénna, “rhubarb”)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Yagnobi: роба (rōbá), роwа (rōwá, “fennell”)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: رواش‎ (rawā́š, “rhubarb”)
- Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (rov, “rhubarb”)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (rūv, “rhubarb”)
- Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *rǣ́w (“rhubarb”)
  - Munji-Yidgha: *rī́w
    - Munji: [script needed] (rīf)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (rīv)
  - Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣ́w
    - Shughni: rīv
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (rev, “type of edible thick stemmed plant”)
    - ⇒ Shughni-Yazghulami: *rǣ́wičak (+ *-ič + *-ak)
      - Shughni-Roshani: *rǣ́wcak, *rǣ́wjak
        Shughni:
        Khufi: revcak (“plant resembling Ferula kokanica, but with a rosette of leaves and no fruits”)
        Khughni: rǟvjak, revcak (“inedible mountain grass”)
      - Yazghulami: ravǰag (“rhubarb”)
        → Shughni: (“willow herb, sp. Chamaenerion angustifolium”)
        Roshani: rawǰakwōx̌, rivsekwōx̌ (+ wōx̌ (“root”))
      - → Uzbek: ravoch
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: رواش‎ (rawāš, “rhubarb”)
- Kurdish: ribêz, rêvas, rêwaz (“rhubarb”)
  Central Kurdish: رێواس‎ (rêwas)
  Northern Kurdish: rêwas, rêvaz
- Zazaki: rıbês (“rhubarb”)
- → Khowar: [script needed] (riwiṣ̌)

Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: *rabaθaʰ
  - Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (lypʾs /rēbās, rēbāh/)
    - Classical Persian: ریباس‎ (ribâs)
      - Dari: رو‎ (raw) (dialectal, Badakhshi)
      - Iranian Persian: ریواس‎ (rivâs), ریباس‎ (ribâs)
      - Tajik:
        Darvazi: ров (rov), рова (rova, “Ferula grigoriewii”)
        Tajik: ров (rov, “rhubarb”)
        → Shughni:[3]
        Khufi: rūv, rūw (“Ferula kokanica”)
        Khughni: rōv (“Ferula assa-foetida”)
        Roshani: rův
      - → Arabic: رِيبَاس‎ (rībās) (see there for further descendants)
      - → Classical Syriac: ܪܝܒܣ‎ (rybs, “rhubarb”)
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: *rēwand
      - Classical Persian: ریوند‎ (rāwand, revand, riwand)
        → Arabic: رَاوَنْد‎ (rāwand), رِوَنْد‎ (riwand), رِيوَنْد‎ (rīwand)
        → Middle Armenian: ռաւանդիսենի (ṙawandiseni), ռեւանդ (ṙewand), ռեւանդսենի (ṙewandseni), ըրեւանդ (ərewand)
        → Kipchak: [script needed] (rauand)
        Tatar: ravan, rāuan
        → Ottoman Turkish: راوند‎ (râvend)
        Turkish: ravent
        → Greek: ραβέντι (ravénti), ρεβέντι (revénti)
        → Russian: реве́нь (revénʹ)
        → Ukrainian: ре́вінь (révinʹ)
        → Uzbek: revand
      - → Ancient Greek: ῥῆον (rhêon) [50-70 CE, Dioscorides], ῥᾶ (rhâ, “rhubarb”) [129-210 CE, Galenus] (< earlier *rewon)[4]
      - → Classical Syriac: ܪܐܘܢܕ‎ (rʾwnd), ܪܝܘܢܕ‎ (rywnd), ܪܘܢܕ‎ (rwnd), ܪܐܘܢ‎ (rʾwn), ܪܝܘܢ‎ (rywn, “rhubarb”)
  - → Ancient Greek: λάπαθον (lápathon), λάπαθος (lápathos, “monk's rhubarb, Rumex acetosa”) [550-460 BCE, Epicharmos; 371-287 BCE, Theophrastus]
  - ⇒ Old Persian: *rabaθakaʰ (+ -𐎣 (-k /-akaʰ/))
    - Middle Persian: *rebahag
      - Persian: ریواج‎ (rivâg), ریباج‎ (ribâg)

References

Morgenstierne, Georg (1937), “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244
Morgenstierne, Georg (1974), “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548

[Morgenstierne-1] Morgenstierne, Georg (1937), “Chapter 22: A Vedic word in some modern Hindu Kush languages?”, in Irano-Dardica (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 5), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[2] Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Yidgha-Munji, Sanglechi-Ishkashmi and Wakhi) (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: H. Aschehoug & Co., page 244

[3] Morgenstierne, Georg (1974), “rōv”, in Etymological Vocabulary of the Shughni Group (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 6), Wiesbaden: Dr Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[4] Laufer, Berthold (1919) Sino-Iranica: Chinese contributions to the history of civilization in ancient Iran, with special reference to the history of cultivated plants and products (Fieldiana, Anthropology; 15), volume 3, Chicago: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, page 548