Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwabāráh

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hacwabāráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

From *Hácwah (“horse”) +‎ *bāráh (“carried”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-ó-s, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”) +‎ *-ós.

Noun

*Hacwabāráh m[1]

1. horseman

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*Hacwabāráh	*Hacwabārā́	*Hacwabārā́
vocative	*Hacwabāra	*Hacwabārā́	*Hacwabārā́
accusative	*Hacwabārám	*Hacwabārā́	*Hacwabārā́nh
instrumental	*Hacwabārā́	*HacwabāráybyaH	*Hacwabārā́yš
ablative	*Hacwabārā́t	*HacwabāráybyaH	*Hacwabāráybyah
dative	*Hacwabārā́y	*HacwabāráybyaH	*Hacwabāráybyah
genitive	*Hacwabāráhya	*Hacwabāráyāh	*Hacwabārā́nam
locative	*Hacwabāráy	*Hacwabāráyaw	*Hacwabāráyšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀‎𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀‎ (aspa‎bāra)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ʾ(Y)SPBR(D)K /aspabārak/)
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (aśśbāra)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Old Median: *aspaβārə́h
    • → Aramaic:

      Imperial Aramaic: 𐡀‬𐡎‬𐡐‬𐡁‬𐡓‬‎ (ʾspbr)

    • → Akkadian:

      Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒁇 (as-pa-bar /aspabar/)

    • → Sanskrit: अश्ववार (aśvavāra)
      • → Gujarati: અશ્વવાર (aśvavār)
  • Zazaki: espar
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /asabāra/)
    • Middle Persian: ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (/aswār/)
      • Classical Persian: سوار‎ (suwār) (see there for further descendants)

        Iranian Persian: سوار‎ (sovâr, savâr)

        Tajik: савор (savor)

        • → Gurani: سوار‎ (swār), سوارە‎ (swāra)
        • → Kurdish:

          Northern Kurdish: siwar

          Central Kurdish: سوار‎ (swar)

          Southern Kurdish: سووار‎ (suwar)

        • → Lurish:

          Northern Luri: سۋار‎ (süār)

          Silakhori: سڤار‎ (sevār)

        Bakhtiari: سڤار‎ (sevār)

        Southern Luri: سڤار‎ (sevār)

    • → Arabic: أُسْوَار‎ (ʾuswār), إِسْوَار‎ (ʾiswār), الأَسَاوِرَة‎ pl (al-ʾasāwira), الأَسَاوِر‎ pl (al-ʾasāwir)
      • → Persian: اسوار‎ (osvâr), اساوره‎ pl (asâvere), اساور‎ pl (asâver)
    • → Bactrian: ασβαρο (asbaro)
    • → Persian: اسوار‎ (asvâr, esvâr), اسواران‎ pl (asvârân)
    • → Classical Syriac: ܐܣܘܪ‎ (eswār)
    • → Old Gujarati: असवार (asavāra)
      • Gujarati: અસવાર (asavār)
      • Marwari:

        Devanagari: असवार (asvār)

        Mahajani: 𑅐𑅰𑅯𑅭 (asvr)

  • → Parthian: 𐭀𐭎𐭁𐭓𐭉‎ (ʾsbry)

References

1. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*aśu̯a-bāra-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244