Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/gáwbati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

The origin is uncertain[1][2]. ESIJa proposes derivation from Proto-Indo-European *gewH- (“to call, cry”) with a -b⁽ʰ⁾- enlargement. For this root see Pokorny, without the Iranian.[3]

Verb

*gáwbati[1][2][4][5]

to say (positively/negatively)

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Khotanese: [script needed] (gguph-, “to dispraise, abuse”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: γοβ- (gob-, “to make a (legal) statement, invoke (the law)”)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ɣwβ(y)-, “to praise oneself, boast, be proud”)
  - Sogdian: [script needed] (ɣwβ-), [script needed] (ɣwb-, “to praise, glorify”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Caspian:
  - Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (-gøt-, gún-, “to speak”)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: گوتن‎ (gutin), کوتن‎ (kutin, “to speak”)
  Northern Kurdish: gotin, guhtin (“to speak”)
- >? Parthian: 𐫃𐫇𐫘𐫀𐫗‎ (gwsʾn /gōsān/)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: [script needed] (g-u-b-t-i-y /gaubataiy/, “to call oneself”)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean: 𐫃𐫇𐫏𐫅‎ (gwyd, 3sg.pres), 𐫃𐫇𐫛𐫤𐫗‎ (gwptn, inf.)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (YMLLWN-tn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (gwptn' /guftan/, inf.)
    - Classical Persian:
      - Iranian Persian: گفتن‎ (guftan)
      - Tajik: гуфтан (guftan)
    - → Old Armenian: գովեմ (govem, “to praise”)

References

Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gaub”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 113–114
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 232–234
Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 403
Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 86b
Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 396

[Cheung-1] Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*gaub”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 113–114

[ESIJa-2] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 232–234

[3] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 403

[4] Bailey, H. W. (1979) Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 86b

[5] Cabolov, R. L. (2001) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume I, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 396