Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dáca

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

**Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers**
< 9	10	11 >
Cardinal : *dáca

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.

Numeral

*dáca[1][2][3]

ten

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬁‎ (dasā)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬀‎ (dasa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Old Ossetic: *δas[4]
    - Ossetian: дӕс (dæs)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *dasa, *dasakam
    - Proto-Saka:
      - Khotanese: [script needed] (dasau), [script needed] (daso)
      - Tumshuqese: [script needed] (dase)
    - Wakhi: δas
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: λασο (laso /las/)
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (δy̆s)
  - Sogdic: [script needed] (*dasa)[4]
    - Sogdian: (/δəs/, /δəsá/)
      Buddhist: [script needed] (δs), [script needed] (δsʾ) [script needed] (δsh)
      Christian: [script needed] (dsʾ)
      Manichaean: 𐫔𐫘‎ (δs), 𐫔𐫘𐫀‎ (δsʾ)
      Sogdian: 𐼹𐼼‎ (δs), 𐼹𐼼𐼰‎ (δsʾ) 𐼹𐼼𐼳‎ (δsh)
    - Yagnobi: дас (das)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: دس‎ (das)
  - Parachi: dȫs, dōs
- Pamir:
  - Munji-Yidgha
    - Munji: [script needed] (dā̌)
    - Yidgha: [script needed] (los)
  - Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
    - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (das), [script needed] (dos)
    - Sanglechi: [script needed] (dō̌s)
    - Zebaki: [Term?] (dōs)
  - Shughni-Yazghulami:
    - Shughni-Roshani:
      - Bartangi-Rasharvi:
        Bartangi: [script needed] (δus)
        Rasharvi (Oroshori): [script needed] (δus)
      - Roshani-Khufi:
        Khufi: [script needed] (δos)
        Roshani: [script needed] (δos)
      - Sarikoli: [script needed] (δes)
      - Shughni: д̌ӣс (δīs)
    - Yazghulami: [script needed] (δůs)
- Pathan: *δas[5]
  - Pashto: لس‎ (las, lës)
  - Waneci: [script needed] (las)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Caspian:
  - Gilaki: [script needed] (da), [script needed] (dah)
  - Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
    - Mazanderani: [Arabic needed] (da)
    - Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (das)
- Parthian:
  Manichaean: 𐫅𐫘‎ (ds /das/)
- Semnani:
  - Lasgerdi: [script needed] (das)
  - Sangisari: [script needed] (das)
  - Semnani:
    Biyabanaki: [script needed] (dās)
    Semnani: [script needed] (das)
  - Sorkhei: [script needed] (dȧs)
- Zaza-Gorani:
  - Gurani: دە‎ (da)
  - Zazaki: des
Southwestern Iranian:
- Lari-Fars:
  - Southwestern Fars:
    Burenjani: [script needed] (däh)
    Masarmi: [script needed] (dā)
    Papuni: [script needed] (däh)
    Somghani: [script needed] (däh)
  - Lari:
    Lari: [script needed] (da)
    Mamasani: [script needed] (dāh)
- Southern Luri:
- Old Persian: *daθa
  - Middle Persian: (/dah/)
    Manichaean: 𐫅𐫍‎ (dh)
    Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ASLYA)
    - Bakhtiari: [script needed] (dāh)
    - Classical Persian: ده‎ (dah)
      Iranian Persian: ده‎ (dah)
      Tajik: даҳ (dah)
      Tat: [script needed] (däh)
    - → Baluchi: [script needed] (dah), دہ‎ (da)
    - Kurdish:
      → Northern Kurdish: deh
      → Central Kurdish: دە‎ (de)
      → Southern Kurdish: دە‎ (de)
      → Laki: دە‎ (de)
    - → Middle Median: *dāh
      - Kermanic:
        Farizandi, Yarandi: dāh
        Kesehi, Mahallati, Qohrudi: deh
        Khunsari: dē
        Nayini: däh
        Vonishuni: de
        Zefrehi: dih
      - Sivandi: da
      - Tatic:
        Talysh: [script needed] (da)
        Tati:
        Southern Tati: da, dah
→ Proto-Permic: *das
- Old Komi: *𐍓𐍐𐍡 (*das)
  - Komi-Permyak: дас (das)
  - Komi-Zyrian: дас (das)
- Udmurt: дас (das)
→ Hungarian: tíz

References

Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 13
Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 169-170
Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*daśa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-378
Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN

[Cathcart-1] Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎, Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 13

[2] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 169-170

[3] Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*daśa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-378

[Kümmel-4] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

[5] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989) Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN