Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dwitī́yah

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dwitī́yah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwitī́yas.

Adjective

*dwitī́yah[1][2]

1. second

Derived terms

• *dwitī́yakarah

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (daⁱbitiia)
    • Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀‎ (bitiia)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian:
    • Old Ossetic: *δuǰi[2]
      • Ossetian: дуккаг (dukkag), дудзи (duʒi)
    • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *dwitəh
      • Proto-Saka:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (śätä)
        • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (viti)
      • Wakhi: bət
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian:

      Greek: βιδδιγο (biddigo)

    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (δβcy), [script needed] (δβc)
    • Sogdian: (/δɨβd̥ī́k/)

      Brahmi: [script needed] (dʰawdʰk, dʰawṯik)

      Buddhist: [script needed] (δβtyk), [script needed] (δβtʾyk(w))

      Christian: ܕܖܒܛܝܩ‎ (dbṯyq)

      Manichaean: 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫤𐫏𐫐‎ (δβttyk), 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫐‎ (δβtyk), 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫞‎ (δβtyq), 𐫔𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫐‎ (δδβtyk)

      Sogdian: 𐼹𐼱𐽂𐼷𐼸‎ (δβtyk)

• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (dъv)
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: ("other")

      Kaniguram: [script needed] (bye), [script needed] (bī)

      Logar: [script needed] (bē)

    • Parachi: bite (“again”)
  • Pashto: بل‎ (bël, “other”)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (iptē)
  • Kermanic:

    Farizandi, Natanzi, Soi, Yarandi: bī

    Farizandi, Yarandi: abī

    Kesehi, Soi, Zefrehi: ebī́

    Natanzi: dī

    Nayini: äbī́

    Qohrudi: abī́

    Yazdi: be, bidī́

  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: دی‎ (dî)

    Northern Kurdish: dî, din

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Parthian:

      Manichaean: 𐫁𐫏𐫅‎ (byd /bid/), 𐫁𐫅𐫏𐫃‎ (bdyg /bidīg/, “second, other”)

    • Zazaki: bîn
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎯𐎻𐎫̄𐎹 (du-vi-t̄y /duvitīya/)
    • Middle Persian:

      Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dtʾ /dit, did/, “second, other, also”)

      • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (dī)
      • ⇒ Middle Persian: ("again")

        Manichaean: 𐫅𐫇𐫅𐫏‎ (dwdy), 𐫅𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫃‎ (dwdyg)

        Book Pahlavi: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwdy), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dwdyg)

        Turpan: [script needed] (dydyg)

References

1. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–), “*du̯itīi̯a-, *bitīi̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 485-486
2. Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena